Term
| dyspnea w/ wheezing is most likely d/t what |
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Definition
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Term
| pts w/ hx of prolonged immobilization, estrogen tx, or risks for DVT are likely to have dyspnea d/t |
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Definition
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Term
| pts w/ chest pain that are either thin, young males or w/ underlying lung dz are most likely to have dyspnea d/t |
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Definition
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Term
| what test is used to determine dyspnea d/t carbon monoxide |
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Definition
% carboxyhemoglobin
(only minimal changes in P02) |
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Term
| what test should be used to measure incr mechanical effort causes of dyspnea? |
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Definition
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Term
maximal laryngeal height is used to measure
(distance bw top of thyroid cart. and suprasternal notch @ end respiration) |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulse Ox w/ O2 sat > 96% = PO2 ? |
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Definition
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Term
pulse Ox < 94% represents what clinically?
what are the exceptions? |
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Definition
hypoxemia!
exceptions: carbon monoxide tox, or methemoglobinemia |
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Term
| high resolution CT is useful to evaluate |
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Definition
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Term
| BNP levels are sensitive and specific for evaluating what type of dyspnea |
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Definition
CARDIAC!
--> if incr, then pt has LVEDP in sx pts! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cough d/t acute resp tract infxn is most likely dt what in healthy adults?
how long until it resolves? |
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Definition
viral infxn
resolves in 3 wks (90%) |
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Term
| what should be suspected in previously immunized adults w/ a severe cough lasting 2-3 wks or esp > 3 wks! |
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Definition
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Term
| in pts w/ cough, unexplained wt loss, night sweats, and fever, what should be suspected |
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Definition
CA (bronchiogenic)
esp w/ smoking/enviro exposure |
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Term
| what diagnostic study should be done for ANY adult w/ acute cough and abnormal vitals, or with chest exam suggestive of pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| wheezing and ronchi are findings in adults w/ |
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Definition
| ACUTE BRONCHITIS--> NOT adult onset asthma |
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Term
| what consitutes massive hemoptysis? |
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Definition
| > 200-600 mL / 24 hrs or that is hemodynamically significant |
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Term
| what virus is on of the most common pathogens associtated w/ acute bronchitis (viral) |
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Definition
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Term
| early phase asthma mediated by |
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Definition
| IgE w/ histamine release from mast cells |
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Term
late phase asthma assoc w/ release of what?
tx w/ what? |
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Definition
cytokine release
tx w/ steroids |
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Term
| excessive secretions of mucus w/ daily productive cough for 3 mos or more in at least 2 consecutive yrs |
|
Definition
chronic bronchitis
"blue bloater" |
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Term
| abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole w/ destruction of wall w/o fibrosis |
|
Definition
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Term
| Decreased FEV1/FVC is found in what |
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Definition
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Term
| normal to incr FEV1/FVC is found in what type of lung dz |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what on radiographs are diagnostic of emphysema |
|
Definition
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Term
| single most important intervention in ambulatory COPD pts |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what COPD tx can improve the natural hx of the dz in pts w/ resting hypoxemia? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| single most important pharm agent for management of pts w/ COPD |
|
Definition
bronchodilators
Ipatropium brominde (anticholinergic)
albuterol (SA B2 agonist) |
|
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Term
| which bronchodilator is preferred in management of COPD, and why? |
|
Definition
ipatropium bromide!
longer duration of action!
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Term
what meds are used in acute exacerbations of COPD?
what meds are NOT helpful? |
|
Definition
steroids
ABX (bactrim, amox, doxycycline)
MUCOLYTICS NOT HELPFUL! |
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Term
| what is the most important predictor of survival at the time a pt is first seen with COPD? |
|
Definition
FEV1-->
degree of pulmonary fxn
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Term
| dz with chronic productive cough(purulent) w/ dyspnea, wheezing, pleuritic chest pain and recurrent infxns requiring ABX |
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Definition
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|
Term
| "tram tracks" on imaging is indicative of what dz |
|
Definition
bronchiectasis
CT best study! |
|
|
Term
| what causes about 1/2 of all cases of bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronchiolitis in infants and children is most likely caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronchiolitis in adults is what kind of condition in response to injury to what airways? |
|
Definition
chronic, progressive condition
injury to small distall airways |
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|
Term
| chronic inflamm, concentric scarring, and sm mm hypertrophy causing luminal obstxn. minimal radiograph abnormalities, and UNRESPONSIVE to steroids is seen in what type of bronchiolotis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intraluminal polyps (fibroblasts, foamy macrophages and lymphocytes) obstruct the bronchioles is seen in what type of bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| more commonly called cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP) and is seen in proliferative bronchiolitis where the exudates extend to alveolar spaces |
|
Definition
BOOP
(bronchiolitis obliterans w/ organizing pneumonia) |
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Term
|
Definition
steroids!
possibly up to 6 mos! |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| normal vitals, CXR, and PE rule out what? |
|
Definition
| PNEUMONIA!--> more likely bronchitis |
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Term
| on PE dull to percussion and egophony are evidence of what |
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Definition
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Term
| on PE crackles on auscultation indicate what |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| on PE dull to percussion and decr. breath sounds indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluoroquinolones
amoxicillin
doxycycline |
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|
Term
| sputum first in the AM on 3 successive days examined with an acid fast stain indicates what |
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Definition
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Term
| xray with nodular infiltrates and cavitation show signs of what dz |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| first clue that a pts has been exposed to TB |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| solitary pulm nodule--> incr risk of CA |
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Term
| digital clubbing of recent onset suggests |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most aggressive in AA, mean age 40, non-caseous/necrotizing granuloma; systemic dz w/ dx on eye involvement |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common finding on EKG in a pt w/ pulmonary thromboembolism |
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Definition
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|
Term
| is incr. D-dimer diagnostic of DVT? |
|
Definition
| NO! but if normal--> rules out DVT! |
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|
Term
| What tool is commonly used to evaluate pts for PE? |
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Definition
| V-Q scanning--> if normal, it R/O PE! |
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Term
| spontaneous pneumothorax is most likely to occur in who? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea deviate? |
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Definition
| AWAY from the collapsed side! |
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