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| art that departs from natural or realistic appearances |
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| art movement of mid-20th century that emphasized spontaneous and dramatic personal expression in large abstract paintings |
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| an audience's detachment or non-involvement with the characters or situation that allows for contemplation or reflection |
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| an experience of beauty that inspires a feeling of pleasure which is its own justification |
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| a conception of what is artistically valid or beautiful in art, culture, or nature |
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| philosophical position that one cannot know for certain whether God exists or not |
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| principle of non-violence; an important tenet of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism |
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| artwork from lower Nile Valley civilization, circa 5,000-1,350 B.C.E. |
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| artwork from Classical Greece, circa 8,000–146 B.C.E. |
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| artwork from successive civilizations found between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians), circa 9,000-500 B.C.E. |
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| artwork from a number of successive Persian civilizations (Achaemenian, Seleucid dynasty, Parthian, Sassanian), circa 3500-250 B.C.E. |
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| existing before a war, especially the American Civil War |
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| analytical, rational, objective reaction |
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| emblematic mythic characters, images, plot patterns, symbols, or buried assumptions shared across cultures |
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| art movement of the late 19th century - early 20th century that favored sinuous lines, curves, and organic motifs, such as plants and flowers |
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| object produced or shaped by human craft, typically of cultural or historical interest |
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| a monologue delivered with another character present |
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| philosophical position denying the existence of God |
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| movement of the 17th and early 18th century in art, architecture, and music known for its religious focus and its elaborate and extensive use of ornamentation |
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| art movement of the 17th and early 18th century supported by the Catholic Church that emphasized religious fervor, realism, and theatrical architecture |
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| German art and architectural style of early 20th century known for its simplicity, functionalism, and craftsmanship |
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| irreverent behavior toward a deity, sacred things, or religion |
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| early Egyptian texts that described the proper conduct needed for a happy afterlife |
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| religion originated in India by Siddhārtha Gautama, the "Buddha"; Buddhists seek the path to enlightenment through physical and spiritual discipline |
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| musical interaction in which an idea is stated by one voice or instrument and responded to or echoed by others |
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| a picture, description, or imitation of a subject where certain characteristics are exaggerated to create a comic or grotesque effect |
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| the purging of a spectator's strong emotions through experiencing tragedy; Aristotle's concept |
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| purging of a spectator's strong emotions through experiencing tragedy |
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| Paleolithic paintings of scenes of hunting or fertility, found in caves in France, South Africa, and other regions. |
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| Paleolithic paintings of scenes of hunting or fertility, found in caves in France, South Africa, and other regions. |
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| those depicted in a drama, whether fictional, historical, or contemporary |
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| in Greek drama, a group of actors who comment on the action and provide society's view of the events |
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| monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who is considered humanity's savior |
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| aesthetic attitudes and principles found in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome |
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| legal code established by the sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, that covered civil, criminal, and commercial law |
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| A work of theater wherein the sympathetic main characters experience a happy ending |
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| comedy which depicts and satirizes the attitudes and manners of a social class |
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| middle section of a drama where conflicts inherent in the situation are elaborated and developed, and dramatic tension builds until a moment of maximum intensity and interest, called the climax |
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| philosophical system based on the teachings of Confucius, stressing moral order and harmony in thought and conduct |
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| ethical system that judges a moral action by its outcomes or results |
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| the most decorative of the classical Greek architectural styles, featuring a fluted column shaft, capitals with flowers and leaves below a small scroll, and a large base; used more by the Romans |
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| designing and choosing the costumes (clothing, hats, etc.) for the actors/performers that match the artistic concept of the performance |
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| simplest form of harmony, which features two melodic lines (referred to as voices or parts) of equal value played against one another |
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| movement of the early 20th century that represented a subject from multiple angles, using simplified geometric forms |
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| view that morality is culturally determined and consequently there is no objective moral rule or law that is universally correct |
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| an anti-establishment artistic movement that emerged in Europe in reaction to the horrors of World War I and emphasized the absurd |
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| philosophical system based on the teachings of Lao-tzu; followers seek Dao (the "Way") which they believe governs the universe |
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| moment when a drama's action comes to its proper conclusion and a resolution is near |
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| philosophical view that all events, including human actions and choices, are determined by previous conditions operating under laws of nature, and thus freedom of choice is illusory |
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| the resolution of a plot by use of a highly improbable chance or coincidence; in Latin, "god from the machine" |
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| spontaneous, unstructured, creative, passionate reaction |
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| the moment when the main character becomes aware of an essential truth about himself or his situation; also called recognition |
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| philosophic approach where morality is whatever God (or the gods) command |
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| the simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, featuring unadorned columns with no base |
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| the enduring literary component of theater |
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| ethical system that emphasizes fidelity to principle and duty over the consequences of a moral action |
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| a long poem recounting in elevated style the deeds of a legendary hero; any narrative work (novel, drama, film) dealing with epic themes |
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| epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that recounts legends and myths about the hero-king Gilgamesh |
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| philosophy which asserts that the greatest happiness in life is found in avoiding pain |
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| study of the moral values of an individual, group, or culture |
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| philosophical movement that emphasizes personal experience, choice, freedom, and responsibility and sees the individual as a moral free agent |
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| an opening which introduces the characters and their circumstances, the setting, the mood, and the situation, giving the audience information essential for understanding the story |
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| art movement of early 20th century that emphasized subjective feelings above objective observations and focused on conveying emotions |
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| a comedy characterized by broad often physical humor, superficial characters, and improbable situations |
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| movement of the early 20th century that emphasized spontaneous, bold reactions to nature and employed vibrant, wild colors |
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| Confucian texts that dealt with the proper functioning of society, government and religion as well as offering a compilation of ancient Chinese literature |
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| key relationships in Confucianism (between father and son, elder brother and younger brother, husband and wife, elders and juniors, and ruler and his subjects) |
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| vows of non-violence, truth-telling, non-stealing, celibacy, and detachment undertaken by ascetics in Jainism |
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| Islamic duties of observing creed, praying, charity to poor, fasting during Ramadan, making pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| the deliberate introduction of information (verbally, visually or otherwise) suggesting an event that will take place later in the story |
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| ancient Chinese texts that outlined the basic system of Confucian thought |
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| Buddhist teaching on four truths regarding suffering |
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| philosophical system based on the teachings of Indian spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi which stresses nonviolent resistance to evil |
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| art movement of the early 20th century that stressed the two-dimensionality of painting as observed subjects were converted into geometric shapes |
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| Christian precept: do to others what you would have them do to you |
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| artwork of Central and Northern Europe which reflected Christian, and then secular, themes, from mid-12th to the 15th century |
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| Japanese verse form with three lines of five, seven, and five syllables often alluding to the subject of nature or the seasons |
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| period of vibrant African-American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s, centered in New York City's Harlem neighborhood |
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| the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle |
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| the mythic quest in pursuit of some destination or goal whose attainment will lend greater meaning to life |
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| comedy which is subtle, sophisticated, tasteful and intellectual |
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| dominant religion of India based on worship of many gods, including Brahma, and the teachings of the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita |
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| deliberate destruction of religious art, imagery, icons, and other symbols or monuments |
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| text that is decorated with ornamental designs, miniatures, or lettering, often with gold leaf or silver |
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| movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that emphasized simplified composition and the effect of light and color to capture a painter's visual impression |
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| variations on a musical theme spontaneously created |
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| classical Greek architectural style that features a fluted column shaft, capitals with volutes (spiral scroll-like ornaments) and a large base |
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| monotheistic religion based on the Qur'an and teaching that there is only one God and that Mohammed is his prophet |
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| ancient Hindu religion which emphasizes harmlessness (nonviolence) and renunciation |
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| musical style developed by African-Americans at the beginning of the 20th century that is an amalgamation of African and European music, featuring improvisation, syncopation, polyrhythms and the use of "swing time" |
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| monotheistic religion of the Jews based on the Torah; Jews believe that they are God's Chosen People meant to live a holy and ethical life |
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| the belief that the good and evil a person does will return either in this life or in a later one |
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| Law of the Golden Section |
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| law that expresses the most aesthetically satisfying relationship between the two sides of a plane (for example, a rectangle); the ratio is 1 to 1.68 |
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| Kierkegaard's notion that belief in God requires us to a commit to something that is not absolutely and conclusively proven |
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| political philosophy which emphasizes personal and individual liberty above collective social interests |
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| creation of the illusion of depth based on the fact that parallel lines or edges appear to converge, and objects appear smaller as the distance between them and a viewer increases |
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| comedy which is often vulgar, rude, coarse and physical |
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| major religious epic of ancient India and a major text of Hinduism |
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| art movement of the Late Renaissance that emphasized artificiality, clashing colors, and emotional themes |
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| philosophical position that all processes, phenomena, and objects/beings can be explained as manifestations or results of matter |
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| large stone monuments of the Neolithic period (such as Stonehenge) |
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| a drama with exaggerated characters and plot intended to appeal to the emotions |
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| art of the Middle Stone Age, circa 10,000-8,000 B.C.E. |
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| small stone tools, usually made of flint or chert, from the Mesolithic period |
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| movement of mid-20th century that emphasized a nonrepresentational style of sculpture and painting and extreme simplicity of form |
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| the visual elements of drama |
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| artistic movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries which challenged traditional representational art forms and developed new styles and forms |
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| Hindu concept of state of eternal bliss that marks freedom from life's pain and stress |
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| speech delivered to another person or several persons without interruption by another character |
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| belief in one god or almighty deity; religion based on one supreme god |
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| an extended sequence comprised of many different shots or images, cut together to condense the narrative, or to create a specific impression |
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| the right or wrong of an action, decision, or way of living |
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| movement of 18th century that drew on Greek and Roman art for models of harmony, idealized realism, and reason |
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| art of the Late Stone Age, circa 8,000-3,000 B.C.E. |
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| a school of religious philosophy founded in the 3rd century A.D. and based on the teachings of Plato |
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| Buddhist term for the state of bliss offering total peace and freedom from life's pain |
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| Buddhist teaching of eight practices (right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration) for happiness and freedom |
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| a standard or set of norms established for behavior |
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| art of the hunter-gatherer nomadic tribes of the Old Stone Age, circa 40,000-10,000 B.C.E. |
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| a type of experimental theater that bridges the disciplines of theater and the visual arts |
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| a school of photography that employed soft focus, special filters and lens coatings, darkroom manipulation, and innovative printing processes to try to match the aesthetic effects of painting and printmaking |
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| the sung prayers of the early Christian church |
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| Plato's four virtues: Temperance, Courage, Reason and Justice |
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| how the various events that make up the story are arranged |
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| position or perspective from which something is viewed or related |
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| school of painting in late 19th-century France that emphasized the application of paint in small dots and brush strokes |
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| belief in multiple gods; religion based on more than one god |
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| art movement of mid-20th century which emphasized existing popular images and cultural artifacts, often mimicking mass-produced consumer products |
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| art movement of the early 20th century that while influenced by Impressionism emphasized a greater concern for expression, structure, form, and emotional response |
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| art style which embraces an eclectic combination of all styles and periods in works of art and does not differentiate between high art and popular (or low) art, often mixing informal and formal elements |
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| theory that the truth or meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences |
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| Christian theological concept that the course of one's life, including all the choices one will make, is already completely determined by an all-powerful, all-knowing God |
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| art of preliterate humans, roughly until 500 B.C.E. |
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| the interpretation of past events or works of art in terms of modern standards and values |
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| the main, and most important, character of a drama; Aristotle saw this character as one who chooses, learns, and changes |
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| religious emphasis on the necessity of constant work in a person's life as an expression of moral virtue |
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| music popular from 1900-1920 that that preceded jazz, was influenced by African American songs and featured syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm |
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| movement of second half of 19th century that emphasized objective portrayals of the world with a critique of the established social and political order |
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| art movement of the 16th century, largely in Northern Europe, that reflected religious views of Protestant Reformation |
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| the belief that a soul can be reborn into a new body after death |
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| version of Existentialism which asserts that existence is the only certainty and belief in God is something we must choose |
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| period in Western history, from the 14th through the 16th centuries, marked by a revival of interest in the culture of Greco-Roman antiquity and a flourishing of artistic and intellectual achievement |
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| late Baroque artistic style that was lighter and more playful and used ornate decoration, pastel colors, and asymmetrical arrangement of shell-like curves |
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| artwork produced by Roman civilization, circa 500 B.C.E.–476 C.E. |
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| artwork of Europe which reflected Roman, Eastern, and Byzantine influences, from 10th to mid-12th century |
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| movement of early 19th century that stressed passion, emotion, and exotic settings with dramatic action; response to rationalism of Neoclassicism |
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| formal Islamic prayer performed by Muslims five times a day |
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| creation of a 'stage picture' that expresses the concept of the play or performance and creates the appropriate atmosphere for the audience |
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| not connected or concerned with religion or religious matters |
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| version of Existentialism which asserts that existence is the only certainty and God cannot be proved |
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| Indian religion that separated from Hinduism in the 15th and 16th centuries; Sikhs believe in one God and the teachings found in their holy scripture, Guru Granth Sahib |
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| Hindu religious community that emphasizes choice in worship of the manifestations of God and emphasizes the teachings of Vedic texts |
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| analytical method of reasoning that asks a progression of questions in pursuit of the truth |
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| speech by the character in a drama expressing his or her inmost thoughts, heard by the audience but not by any other character |
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| religious songs originating among African-American slaves in the American South that fused aspects of African music and religion with Christian hymns |
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| a philosophy that maintains the greatest good comes from wisdom, courage, and uncomplaining acceptance of what cannot be directly controlled |
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| stone paintings of the Neolithic period expressing artistic or religious meaning |
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| a quality of greatness or vastness that is beyond calculation, comparison, or imitation; often invoked with reference to nature |
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| unstated motivations, ideas, or tensions beneath the surface of a drama's text |
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| art movement of the early 20th century influenced by Freud's focus on dreams; art assembled realistic forms in fantastical contexts |
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| in drama, the creation of anticipation |
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| an audience's willingness to accept events onstage as true or plausible during a performance |
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| in music, when normally unaccented beats are accented in a piece of music |
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| electronic instrument that produces a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies; it can either imitate other instruments or generate unusual new sounds |
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| moral rules given by God to the prophet Moses, according to the Hebrew Bible |
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| Plato's concept that there are ideal essences (the Forms) of objects or things |
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| desirable middle between two extremes, between excess and inadequacy, as defined by Aristotle |
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| those traits of character or admirable properties allowing humans to achieve a virtuous life |
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| the path of the morally enlightened individual in Daoist teaching |
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| the art of writing and producing plays, a collaborative medium of artistic expression |
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| dramatic genre associated with Bertold Brecht which sought to create emotional distance by highlighting artificiality of the theater, so the audience would watch objectively and focus on ideas |
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| dramatic genre which assaults the senses through shocking scenes with a goal of alienation and entertainment |
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| a drama with a unpleasant ending, generally involving the downfall of a flawed protagonist, which often involves catharsis |
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| a defect in the hero's character |
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| philosophical movement during the Romantic era that emphasized feeling over reason and the role of the individual finding an intuitive relation to the universe through solitude amid nature |
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| style of painting that creates the optical illusion of three dimensionality |
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| a moment in the drama where the main character must make a crucial decision, one which will determine his fate; also called the crisis |
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| neoclassical requirements for theater: unity of time; unity of place; and unity of action |
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| ancient Hindu sacred writings |
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| Paleolithic art objects depicting women with exaggerated hips and breasts; thought to be portable fertility totems. |
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| appearance of truth or reality in theater (stage set, dialogue, etc.) |
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| photography in the 19th century that experimented with realistic portraits and images of literary and biblical scenes |
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| photography in the 19th century that experimented with realistic portraits and images of literary and biblical scenes |
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| the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong |
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| ethical system that emphasizes moral character and development of the virtues as a basis for moral action |
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| Daoist concept of following one's true nature and living such that one's deeds are natural, effortless, and moral |
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| Buddhist school found primarily in China, Japan and Korea that seeks enlightenment through meditation and the development of mental and spiritual discipline |
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