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Macroeconomics
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79
Economics
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2011

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Term
Economics
Definition
is the study of scarcity and choice
Term
Individual Choice
Definition
is decisions by individuals about what to do, which necessarily involve decisions about what not to do
Term
Market Economy
Definition
The decisions of individual producers and consumers largely determine what, how, and for whom to produce, with little goverment involvement
Term
Economy
Definition
is a system for coordinating a society's productive and consumptive activities
Term
Resource
Definition
is anything that can be used to produce something
Term
Land
Definition
refers to all resources that come from nature, such as minerals, timber and petroleum
Term
Labor
Definition
is the effort of workers
Term
Capital
Definition
refers to manufactured goods used to make other goods and services
Term
Entrepreneurship
Definition
describes the efforts of entrepreneurs in organizing resourse for production, taking risks to create new enterprises, and inovating to develop new products and production proccesses
Term
Scarce
Definition
resource is not availible in sufficent quantities to satisfy all the various ways a society wants to use it
Term
Oppurtunity Cost
Definition
What you must give up in order to get it
Term
Microeconomics
Definition
is the study of how people make decisions and how those desicions interact
Term
Macroeconomics
Definition
is concerned with the overall ups and downs in the economy
Term
Economic Aggregates
Definition
are economic measures that summarize data across many different markets
Term
Positive Economics
Definition
is the branch of economic anaylsis that describes the way the economy actually works
Term
Normative Economics
Definition
makes perscriptions about the way the economy should work
Term
Buisness Cycle
Definition
is the short run alternations between economic downturns, and economic upturns
Term
Depressions
Definition
is a very deep and prolonged downturn
Term
Recessions
Definition
are periods of economic downturns when output and employment are falling
Term
Expansion
Definition
or recoveries are periods of economic uturns when output and employment are rising
Term
Employment
Definition
is the number of people currently employed in the economy
Term
Unemployment
Definition
are the number of people who are activley looking for work but aren't currently employed
Term
Labor Force
Definition
is equal to the sum of employment and unemployment
Term
Unemployment Rate
Definition
is the percentage of the labor force unemployed
Term
Output
Definition
is the quantity of goods and services produced
Term
Aggregate Output
Definition
is the economy's total production of goods and services for a given time period
Term
Inflation
Definition
A rising in overall price level
Term
Deflation
Definition
a falling in overall price level
Term
Price Stability
Definition
when the aggregatedprice level is changing only slowly
Term
Economic Growth
Definition
is an increase in the maximum amount of goods and services an economy can produce
Term
Model
Definition
is a simplified representation used to better understand a real-life situation
Term
Other things equal Assumption
Definition
means that all other relevant factors remain unchanged
Term
Trade-Off
Definition
when ou give up somthing in order to have something else
Term
Production Possbility Frontier
Definition
illustrates the trade offs facing an economy that produces only two goods. It shows the maximum quantity of one good that can be produced for each possible quantity of the other good produced
Term
Efficient
Definition
if there is no way to make anyone better off without making at least one person worst off
Term
Technology
Definition
is the technical means for producing goods and services
Term
Trade
Definition
they produce goods and services to others and recieve goods and services in exchange
Term
Gains from Trade
Definition
people can get more of what they want through trade than they could if they tried to be self-suffcient
Term
Specialization
Definition
each person engages in the task that he or she is good at preforming
Term
Comparative Advantage
Definition
have one in producing a good or service if the oppurtunity cost for producing is lower for that individual than other people
Term
Absolute Advantage
Definition
has this if in producing a good or service if he or she can make more of it with a given amount of time and resources than anyone else
Term
Competitive Market
Definition
is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers of the same goods or services, none of whom can influence the price at which the goods or services is sold
Term
Supply and Demand model
Definition
is a model of how competitive markets work
Term
Demand Schedule
Definition
shows how much of a good or service consumers will be willing to buy at different prices
Term
Quantity Demanded
Definition
is the actual amount of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at some specific price
Term
Demand Curve
Definition
is a graphical representation of a demand schedule. It shows the relationship quantity demanded and price
Term
Law of Demand
Definition
sasys that a higher rice for a good or service, all other things being equal, leads people to demand a smaller quantity of that good or service
Term
Change in Demand
Definition
is a shift of the demand curve, which changes the quantity demanded at any given price
Term
Movement along the demand curve
Definition
is a chnge in the quantity demanded of a good that is the result in a change of that good's price
Term
Substitutes
Definition
if a rise in the price of a goods lead to an increase in the demand for another good
Term
Complements
Definition
if a rise in price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand of another good
Term
Normal Good
Definition
if income rises the demand should rise
Term
Inferior Good
Definition
when there is a rise in income and the demand of the good decreases
Term
idividual Demand Curve
Definition
illustrate the relationship between quantity demanded and the price for and individual consumer
Term
Quantity Supplied
Definition
is the acutal amount of a good or service producers are willing to sell at some specific price
Term
Supply Schedule
Definition
shows how much of a good or service will supply at different prices
Term
Supply Curve
Definition
shows the realtionship betwee quantity supplied and price
Term
Law of supply
Definition
says that other things being equal the rice and quantity supplied of a good are positivley related
Term
Change in Supply
Definition
is a shift of the supply surve, which changes the quantity supplied at any given price
Term
Movement along the supply curve
Definition
is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is a result of a change in that good's price
Term
Input
Definition
is anything that is used to produce a good or service
Term
individual Supply Curve
Definition
illustrates the realtionship between quantity supplied and price for an idividual producer
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
when no indivdual would be better off doing something different. (Balanced)
Term
Equilibrium Price
Definition
is the price at which when the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied
Term
Equilibrium Quantity
Definition
Is the quantity of the good and sold at that price
Term
Surplus
Definition
there is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Occurs when the price is above its equilibrium level
Term
Shortage
Definition
when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. occurs when the price is below the euilibrium level
Term
Price Control
Definition
are legal restrictions on how high or low a market price can go
Term
Price Ceiling
Definition
a maximum price sellers are allowed to charge for a good or service
Term
Price floor
Definition
a minimum price buyer are required to pay for a good or service
Term
ineffiecient allocations of sales among sellers
Definition
those who would be willing to sell that good at the lowest price are not always those who manage to sell it
Term
inefficietly high quality
Definition
sellers offer high-quality goods at a higher pric, even though buyer would perfer a lower quality t a lower price
Term
Quantity Control or Quota
Definition
is an upper limit on the quantity of some good that can be bought or sold
Term
License
Definition
gives its owner the right to supply a good or service
Term
Demand Price
Definition
of a givn quantity is the price at which consumers will demand that quantity
Term
Supply price
Definition
of a given quantity is the price at which producers will supply that quantity
Term
Wedge
Definition
the price paid by the buyers ends up being higher than that recieved by sellers
Term
Quota rent
Definition
the earnings that accure to the license holder form ownership of the right to sell that good
Term
Deadweight loss
Definition
is the lost gains associated withtransactions that do not occur due to market intervention
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