Term
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Definition
the extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and
political cooperation fl ow between countries |
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Term
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Definition
Exporting, licensing,
and direct investing are called; because they represent alternative ways to
sell products and services in foreign markets |
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Term
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Definition
the company maintains its production facilities within the home nation and
transfers its products for sale in foreign countries |
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Term
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Definition
A form of exporting to less-developed countries is called; which refers
to the barter of products for products rather than the sale of products for currency |
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Term
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Definition
also called off shor ing, means engaging in the international division of
labor so that work activities can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and
supplies. Millions of low-level jobs such as textile manufacturing, call center operations,
and credit card processing have been outsourced to low-wage countries in recent years |
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Term
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Definition
a corporation (the licensor) in one country makes certain resources available
to companies in another country (the licensee). |
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Term
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Definition
which occurs when a franchisee buys a
complete package of materials and services, including equipment, products, product ingredients,
trademark and trade name rights, managerial advice, and a standardized operating
system. |
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Term
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Definition
means that the company is involved in managing the
productive assets, which distinguishes it from other entry strategies that permit less managerial
control. |
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Term
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Definition
a company shares costs and risks with another
fi rm, typically in the host country, to develop new products, build a manufacturing facility,
or set up a sales and distribution network |
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Term
wholly
owned foreign affiliate, |
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Definition
over which the company
has complete control. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most costly and risky direct investment is called a;which means a company builds a subsidiary from scratch in a foreign country |
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Term
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Definition
is the management of business operations conducted in more
than one country. Th e fundamental tasks of business management—including the fi nancing,
production, and distribution of products and services—do not change in any substantive
way when a firm is transacting business across international borders. |
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Term
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Definition
that is, the physical facilities such a s highways, airports, utilities,
and telephone lines that support economic activities. |
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Term
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Definition
is defi ned as the risk of loss of assets, earning
power, or managerial control due to politically based events or
actions by host governments |
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Term
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Definition
which includes riots, revolutions,
civil disorders, and frequent changes in government. |
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Term
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Definition
means that people accept inequality in power
among institutions, organizations, and people |
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Term
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Definition
means that members of a society
feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs that promise
certainty and conformity. |
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Term
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Definition
refl ects a value for a loosely knit social
framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves |
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Term
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Definition
means a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which individuals look after one
another and organizations protect their members’ interests |
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Term
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Definition
stands for preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness,
work centrality (with resultant high stress), and material success |
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Term
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Definition
refl ects t he values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of
life. |
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Term
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Definition
found in China and other
Asian countries, includes a greater concern for the future and highly values thrift
and perseverance. |
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Term
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Definition
found in Russia and West Africa, is
more concerned with the past and the present and places a high value on tradition
and meeting social obligations |
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Term
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Definition
people are sensitive to circumstances surrounding social exchanges.
People use communication primarily to build personal social relationships; meaning is derived
from context—setting, status, and non-verbal behavior—more than from explicit
words; relationships and trust are more important than business; and the welfare and
harmony of the group are valued |
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Term
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Definition
people use communication
primarily to exchange facts and information; meaning is derived primarily from words;
business transactions are more important than building relationships and trust; and individual
welfare and achievement are more important than the group |
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Term
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Definition
which refers to a natural tendency of people to regard
their own culture as superior and to downgrade or dismiss other cultural
values, can be found in all countries |
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Term
| Cultural intelligence (CQ) |
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Definition
refers to a person’s ability to use reasoning and observation
skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral
responses. |
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Term
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Definition
refers to the frustration
and anxiety that result from constantly being subjected to strange and unfamiliar
cues about what to do and how to do it |
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Term
| multinational corporation (MNC) |
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Definition
typically receives more than 25 percent of its total sales revenues from operations outside
the parent’s home country. |
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Term
| bottom of the pyramid (BOP) |
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Definition
concept proposes that corporations can alleviate
poverty and other social ills, as well as make significant profits, by selling to the world’s
poorest people. |
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