Term
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Definition
Oxygen Delivery DO2= Arterial O2 x CO |
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Definition
Oxygen Consumption VO2= (Arterial O2- Venous O2) x CO |
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Definition
Oxygen Extraction Ratio OER= (Consumption/Delivery)= (VO2/DO2) |
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Definition
Inspired oxygen + Quality of air Atmospheric air Air Quality Humidity |
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Term
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Definition
Airways UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT: nasal cavity pharynx larynx LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT: trachea 1* bronchi lungs |
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Definition
Lungs + chest wall RELAXED: lung elastic force chest wall elastic force INHALE: active chest wall elastic force active muscle contraction lung elastic force |
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Definition
INSPIRATION- ^ vol. of pleural cavities external intercostals: elevate ribs diaphragm: depresses inf. wall of thoracic cavity
EXPIRATION: - dec. vol. of pleural cav. Int. intercostals- compress + lower ribs Abdominals- compress ab. cavity - elevate ab. organs - passively elevate diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
DIFFUSION 1: surface area of alveolar capillary membrane 2: diffusing capacity of alveolar capillary membrane 3: pulmonary capillary blood volume 4: transit time of blood at the capillary membrane 5: transit time of blood in alveolar capillary membrane
amount of O2 diffusion varies directly with size and inversely with thickness
Ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
transfer of O2 from alveolar sacs to pulmonary arterial circulation |
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Term
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Definition
PERFUSION Apical: low perfusion Lung base: perfusion ^ due to gravity
Apical: alveoli expand fully lung base: enlarged vessels compress alveoli |
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Definition
MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION synchronization of: electrical excitation CO -preload -contractility - afterload measurement of Impairement - HR - Ejection fraction |
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Definition
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION Large vessels: elastic ct Med- Small Vessels: smooth muscle |
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Definition
BLOOD FLOW -from vascular beds |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrostatic + Oncotic pressure |
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Definition
TISSUE EXTRACTION + UTILIZATION OF O2 *O2 diffusion occurs quickly -from high to low *Intracellular PO2 avg 23 mmHg *3mmHg needed for cell metabolism *OER @ rest is 23% *Rate of O2 extraction is regulated by O2 demand |
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Term
Rate of O2 extraction is regulated by: |
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Definition
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Term
mmHg needed for cell metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
RETURN OF PARTIALLY SATURATED BLOOD + CO2 TO LUNGS partially desaturated blood + CO2 are removed from cells to venous circulation |
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Term
Disease factors that perturb O2 transport |
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Definition
bedrest fever disease itself inflammation process medication |
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Term
Normal Factors that perturb O2 transport |
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Definition
activity position emotional stress |
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Term
Greatest influences on O2 transport |
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Definition
Gravity Exercise CO Tissue Utilization |
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Term
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Definition
1: normally gravity keeps fluid body/legs 2: loss of gravity allows fluid to shift to thorax/head 3: body responds by eliminating fluid 4: return to gravity, unable to adjust, fluid in legs |
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Term
Body responds to loss of gravity by: |
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Definition
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Term
Normally, gravity keeps fluid in: |
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Definition
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Term
Loss of gravity allows fluid to shift: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1: Optimal CP fxn when -upright -moving 2: CP impairments + FXN limitations 3: Normal Physiology + Pathology |
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Term
Elements of Patient/Client Management |
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Definition
Screening Examination Evaluation Diagnosis Prognosis Intervention Outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
Gen. Health Skin Respiratory system CV system Peripheral Vascular System Neuro System Hematologic System Endocrine System |
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Definition
weight gain/loss fatigue/malaise/weakness fever chills sweats/night sweats |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive dryness/moisture Itching (puritis) Excessive bruising Lesion or rash |
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Respiratory System assessment |
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Definition
History of Lung Diseases Chest pain with breathing Wheezing or Noisy breathing SOB cough Sputum Meds |
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Term
Cardiovascular system assessment |
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Definition
Heart or retrosternal pain palpitations cyanosis dyspnea on exertion orthopnia edema history of heart murmur, HTN, CAD, or anemia Meds |
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Term
Peripheral vascular system assessment |
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Definition
coldness, numbness, tingling of legs swelling of legs discoloration hands/feet varicose veins intermittent claudications thrombophlebitis ulcers meds |
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Hematologic system assessment |
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Definition
Bleeding in skin or mucus membranes excessive bruising lymphnode swelling blood transfusion + RXNs meds |
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Endocrine system assessment |
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Definition
History of diabetes history of thyroid disease thyroid disease symptoms: -change in skin texture -excessive sweating -relationship b/t appetite + weight -nervousness -tremors |
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Term
External signs of O2 transport dysfunction |
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Definition
Skin: pale, cyanotic, cold Speech: SOB diaphoresis |
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Term
Internal signs of O2 transport dysfunction |
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Definition
vitals Respiratory patterns Hypoxia (low pulse Ox) Poor peripheral circulation Decrease capillary refill (>3 seconds) |
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Term
Cardiopulmonary Impairment Categories |
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Definition
*Impaired Aerobic Capacity- VO2 peak *Gas Exchange abnormality- ABG or SaO2 *Ventilatory pimp abnormality- rib cage/ pleural space *Airway clearance abnormality- ^ secretion or can't manage *Cardiac pump abnormality - Decrease Ejection Fraction, CO *Cardiovascular Abnormality- HR, BP response |
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Term
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Definition
Address Physical Activity Address CV risk factors |
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Term
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Definition
^ Aerobic Capacity/ Endurance ^ Breathing pattern/ Ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
airway clearance exercise: strength mobility, ADL |
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Term
Membrane coverings of the heart |
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Definition
Parietal pericardium -serous -fibrous Visceral pericardium Pericardial Caviity |
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Term
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Definition
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium |
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Term
Left Coronary artery branches: |
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Definition
Circumflex LAD -post Interventricular Artery |
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Term
Right Coronary artery brances: |
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Definition
Marginal arteries Post Interventricular Artery |
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Term
Circumflex artery supplies: |
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Definition
Left Atrium and Post walls of Left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
blood to interventricular septum |
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Term
Posterior Interventricular ARtery supplies: |
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Definition
Posterior ventricular walls |
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Term
Together the RCA + Interventricular Artery supplies: |
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Definition
Right Atrium and All Right Ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
Chambers- atria/ventricles Structure- AV valves-bicuspid/tricuspid- semilunar |
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Term
Specialized excitatory and conductive muscle fiber cells: |
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Definition
muscle cells intercalated discs gap jxns |
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Term
Similarities b/t Cardiac and Skeletal mechanism of contraction |
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Definition
Striated - Actin/myosin mechanism
T-Tubule mechanism -acting on sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
Differences b/t Cardiac and Skeletal mechanism of contraction |
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Definition
T--tubule mechanism - direct diffusion of Ca++
Action Potential -cardiac muscle plateau
Strength of Contraction |
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Term
Intrinsic conduction system of heart |
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Definition
SA node Internodal pathways AV node Budnle of His Purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker smaller diameter muscle fibers almost no contractile muscle fibers connect directly w/ atrial muscle fibers Cell mem is naturally leak to Na+ + CA++ -less negative resting mem potential tat other cardiac muscle cells Fast Na+ channels -less negative potential, inactivated self excitation |
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Term
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Definition
Atrial depolarization Atrial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Ventricular depolarization ventricular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
ventricular repolarization ventricular relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
EVENTS THAT OCCUR FROM THE BEG. OF ONE HB TO THE BEG OF THE NEXT Chamber + vessel blood vol. changes Chamber + vessel blood pressure changes Electrical Activity noted Heart Sounds occur Valves open + close |
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Term
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Definition
Period of relaxation heart filling with blood |
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Term
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Definition
contraction period heart ejects blood |
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Term
Majority of returning venous blood flows directly from: |
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Definition
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Term
Atrial Contraction usually causes an addition _ of ventricle filling |
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Definition
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Term
Ventricle filling: After systole: |
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Definition
AV valves open due to build of pressure in atria |
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Term
Ventricular filling: During systole: |
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Definition
Period of rapid filling of ventricles followed by 2 phases |
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Term
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Definition
end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle is filled |
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Term
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Definition
Pressure in artery leading from the ventricle the load against which the muscle exerts its contractile force |
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Term
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has a great dependency on _ for _ |
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Definition
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Term
energy derived primarily from oxidative metabolism is from: |
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Definition
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Term
Heart pumps ____ liters of blood/minute |
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Definition
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Term
Intrinsic regulation of Cardiac pump |
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Definition
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Term
extrinsic regulation of cardiac pump |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transport - nutrients + O2 - waste + CO2 away from tissue - hormones from one area of body to another - heat throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
transport blood under high pressure strong vascular walls blood flow is rapid |
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Term
Arterioles characteristics |
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Definition
final small branches of arterial system act as control conduits -blood released into capillaries strong muscular walls that vasoconstrict/dilate innervated by SNS only |
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Term
Capillaries characteristics |
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Definition
walls-very thin contain small capillary pores permeable to small molecular substance exchange site for nutrients wastes electrolytes fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Collects blood from capillaries gradually merge into larger veins |
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Term
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Definition
Transport blood from tissue to hear serves as a blood reservoir low pressure thin walled contain muscle- can constrict/dilate |
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Term
Most blood volume is in what system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period |
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Term
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Definition
the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood |
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Term
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Definition
opposition to flow the amount of friction blood meets when passes through the vessels |
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Term
Blood flow affected by 2 factors |
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Definition
Pressure gradient vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Blood flow = change in pressure divided by change in resistance |
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Term
2 descriptions of blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Normal blood flow highest velocity in center of vessel |
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Term
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Definition
blood that does not flow linearly and smoothly chotic happens at: branch points diseased arteries across stenotic heart valves Increase energy required to drive blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
measure blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference reciprocal of resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Diameter plays the greatest in determining___________ |
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Definition
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Term
In systemic circulation 2/3s of resistance to flow is_______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
% of blood that consists of cells |
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Term
viscosity has a(n) __________ relationship to blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
CO is primarily controlled by sum of _________ |
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Definition
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Term
arterial pressure is controlled independently ____________ |
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Definition
of local blood flow or CO |
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Term
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Definition
mean arterial pressure pressure that propels blood to tissues |
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Term
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Definition
pulse pressure affected by SV and compliance of arterial tree |
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Term
MAP and PP decreases with ___________ |
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Definition
increasing distance from heart |
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Term
Pressure effect on force on blood flow? |
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Definition
increases force on blood flow through vessels
distends vessels |
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Term
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Definition
capacitance total quanitity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg pressure rise
distensability x volume |
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Term
Venous pressure influences_____ |
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Definition
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Term
Increasing decrease in Right Atrial pressure is a possible_____ |
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Definition
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Term
2 phases of local blood control |
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Definition
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Term
Increased blood flow ___________ o2 saturation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
endothoelium derived relaxing factor made primarily of nitric Oxide reduces the resistance to BF in upstream arteries |
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Term
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Definition
transient increase in organ Blood flow following a brief period of ischemia |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in organ blood flow associated with an increase in metabolic activity of an organ or tissue
muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
an Increase in tissue metabolism leads to an increase in blood flow
related to active hyperemia |
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Term
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Definition
if pressure within a vessel suddenly increased, vessels respond by constricting
related to Reactive Hyperemia |
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Term
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Definition
Nore/Epinepherine Angiotensin II Vasopressin Endothelin |
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Definition
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