Term
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Definition
| animals that belong to the phylum Cnidaria, which includes hydroids, jellyfish, and corals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stinging cell found in members of the phylum Cnidaria |
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Term
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Definition
| the symmetrical organization of body parts around a central axis, similar to the spokes on a wheel |
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Term
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Definition
| generally benthic form of cnidarian characterized by a cylindrical body that has an opening at one end that is usually surrounded by tentacles |
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Definition
| free-floating form of cnidarian that resembles an umbrella or bell |
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Term
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Definition
| the stinging organelle in the cnidocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| stinging organelle found within the stinging cell of cnidarians |
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Term
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Definition
| a bristlelike structure that extends from one end of a cnidocyte and functions as a trigger |
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Term
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Definition
| generally colonial organism that belongs to the cnidarian class Hydrozoa. Also known as a hydroid. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals that are physically connected and adapted to share resources such as food |
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Definition
| type of polyp found in hydrozoan colonies that functions in capturing food and feeding the colony. also known as a gastrozoid |
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Definition
| a type of polp found in hydrozoan colonies that is specialized for the process asexual reproduction. also known as a gongangium |
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Term
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Definition
| type of hydroid that secretes a calcareous skeleton around the polyps and resembles hard corals |
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Term
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Definition
| animal that belongs to the cnidarian class Scyphozoa. These are commonly called jellyfish. |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory organ capable of responding to light |
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Term
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Definition
| animal belonging to the cnidarian class Anthozoa, which includes corals and sea anemones. |
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Term
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Definition
| large, heavy, complex polyps that belong to the cnidarian class Anthozoa. |
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Term
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Definition
| coral that forms hard skeletons of calcium carbonate around its polyps |
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Term
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Definition
| central cavity in the body of cnidarians and flatworms that functions in digestion and in the movement of materials within the animal |
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Term
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Definition
| planktonic larval stage of cnidarians |
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Term
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Definition
| type of asexual reproduction in which a portion of a sea anemone's basal disk is separated and left to form a new individual |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| type of asexual reproduction in which an adult organism literally tears itself into 2 pieces that eventually form 2 individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| dinoflagellate that is an important symbiont of jellyfishes, corals, and molluscs |
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Term
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Definition
| colonial coral that maintains zooxanthellae in its tissues and forms reefs |
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Term
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Definition
| coral that lacks zooxanthellae in its tissues and does not form reefs |
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Term
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Definition
| the calcareous skeleton of a coral polyp |
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Term
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Definition
| primary organisms depositing the calcium carbonate that builds the structure of coral reefs. Members of the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, order Scleractinia. |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that directly releases eggs and sperm into open water and provides no parental care |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that broadcast their sperm into surrounding waters but the eggs are retained within the body cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that spawn during a brief annual event |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that spawn at different times of the year |
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Term
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Definition
| type of asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism breaks off an forms a new individual |
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Term
| dissolved organic matter (DOM) |
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Definition
| organic molecules dissolved in seawater that were lost or released from living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual wearing away of substrates such as coral reefs through the actions of living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| reef close to an surrounding newer volcanic islands or that borders continental landmasses |
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Term
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Definition
| reef separated by a lagoon from the land mass with which it is associated |
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Term
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Definition
| coral reef somewhat circular in shape with a centrally located lagoon |
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Term
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Definition
| small patch of reef located in a lagoon associated with an atoll or barrier reef |
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Term
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Definition
| the outer, seaward margin of a coral reef. also known as the forereef |
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Definition
| the outer, seaward margin of a coral reef. also known as the reef front |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical wall that is sometimes formed on a reef front |
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Term
| spur-and-groove formation |
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Definition
| usual shape of a reef front, characterized by fingerlike projections of coral that protrude seaward |
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Term
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Definition
| seaward-sloping portion of a coral reef that consists of alternating ridges and furrows. also known as a spur and groove formation |
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Definition
| the highest point on a coral reef |
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Term
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Definition
| groove in the buttress zone of a coral reef that penetrates the algal ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| the area opposite the reef front. also known as the back reef. |
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Term
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Definition
| the area opposite the reef front. also known as the reef flat |
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Term
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Definition
| ratio of primary reproduction (gross photosynthesis) to community respiration, sometimes used as a measure of the state of development (or succession) of a biological community |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient enrichment of an aquatic system that results in rapid algal growth |
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Term
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Definition
| very long, nematocyst-containing tentacles of certain corals that sweep over and kill polyps on competitive coral species |
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Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| the scientific principle that holds that the less successful competitor for a limited resource is driven to extinction |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothesis that each fish species inhabiting a coral reef has a unique niche and there's no competition between them |
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Term
| predation disturbance model |
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Definition
| hypothesis that predation or other causes of mortality keep populations of coral reef fishes low enough to prevent competitive exclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothesis that competition among fishes on coral reefs is unimportant; chance determines which species of larvae settling from the plankton colonize a particular area of reef. a each individual is lost over time, chance again determines which species will occupy the available space and competitive exclusion does not occur |
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Term
| resource limitation model |
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Definition
| hypothesis that available larvae are too limited for fish populations to ever reach the carrying capacity of the habitat and, therefore, competitive exclusion does not occur |
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Term
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Definition
| the whitening of coral colonies due to the loss of zooxanthellae from their polyps. Coral bleaching may be caused by such environmental stresses as increased temperature, sedimentation, and pollution |
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Term
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Definition
| a territory established by one of several cleaner organisms that fishes visit at regular intervals to have parasites and dead tissue removed |
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Term
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Definition
| free-living (nonparasitic)type of flatworm |
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Term
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Definition
| type of parasitic flatworm belonging to the class Trematoda |
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Term
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Definition
| parasitic flatworm belonging to the class Cestoda. tapeworms are found in the intestines of vertebrate animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of symmetry in which body parts are arranged in such a way that only one plane through the midline of the central axis (the midsagittal plane) divides the organism into similar right and left halves |
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Term
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Definition
| plane through the center of the long axis of a bilaterally symmetrical animal that divides the animal into more or less identical right and left halves. |
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Term
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Definition
| the concentration of sensory organs in the head region of an animal |
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Definition
| tiny organisms that are adapted to living in the spaces between sediment particles |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which 2 hermaphroditic animals fertilize eachother |
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Term
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Definition
| segmented worm belonging to the phylum Annelida |
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Term
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Definition
| bristles on the bodies of annelid worms |
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Term
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Definition
| type of annelid worm belonging to the class Polychaeta |
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Term
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Definition
| actively mobile polychaete that has a mouth equipped with jaws or teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| sessile polychaete that usually forms some sort of tube to cover its body |
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Term
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Definition
| animal that feeds on bottom sediments |
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Term
| nonselective deposit feeders |
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Definition
| animal that ingests both organic and mineral particles and then digests the organic material, especially the bacteria that grow on the surface of mineral particles |
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Term
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Definition
| pile of organic material and minerals defecated by deposit feeders. also known as casting. |
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Term
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Definition
| a pile of organic material and mineral defecated by deposit feeders |
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Term
| selective deposit feeders |
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Definition
| animals that separate organic material from minerals in sediments and ingest only the organic material |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior exhibited by some errant polychaetes in which the males and females congregate at the surface of the water to reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| pelagic, reproductive individual formed by some errant polychaetes |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical released by some female epitokes that stimulate males to shed their sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| animal that belongs to the class Echiura in the phylum Annelida. Also known as a spoonworm |
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Term
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Definition
| tube that extends from the mouth of some animals (like an elephant's trunk) |
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Term
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Definition
| animal that belongs to the class Pogonophora of the phylum Annelida. Also known as beardworms |
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Term
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Definition
| solitary worms belonging to the phylum Sipuncula |
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Term
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Definition
| benthic worm belonging to the phylum Priapulida |
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Term
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Definition
| animal in the phylum Hemichordata. Also known as an acorn worm |
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Term
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Definition
| soft-bodied animal that is a member of the phylum Mollusca. Bodies of most molluscs are covered by a shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| region of the gastropod body that contains the head, with its mouth and sensory organs, and the foot, which is the animal's organ of locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal region of gastropod body that contains the circulatory, digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of mollusc's body that secretes its shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| space between a mollusc's mantle and its body |
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Term
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Definition
| ribbon of tissue that contains teeth. unique to molluscs. |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost layer of a molluscan shell. periostracum is composed of the protein conchiolin. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that makes up the periostracum of a molluscan shell |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer of a molluscan shell and later that contains most of the mass of the shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer of the molluscan shell. in oysters, also known as mother of pearl layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| nacreous layer in oysters |
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Term
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Definition
| mollusc belonging to the class Polyplacophora. chitons are characterized by a shell composed of 8 separate plates bound together by a leathery girdle |
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Term
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Definition
| mollusc belonging to the class Scaphopoda. Scaphopods are also known as tusk shells because their shells are shaped like the tusks of elephants. |
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Term
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Definition
| member of the molluscan class Gastropoda, which includes snails, limpets, abalones, and nudibrachs. |
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Term
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Definition
| shell composed of one piece. |
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Term
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Definition
| turns of a gastropods spiral shell |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening, such as the opening into a gastropod's shell |
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Term
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Definition
| hard or tough covering found in some molluscan gastropods that closes the opening to the shell when the animal retracts inside. |
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Term
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Definition
| projections on the body of a nudibrach that function in gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| free-swimming ciliated larva in the life cycles of many marine molluscs as well as some other marine organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| free-swimming larval stage that develops from the trochophore larva of some molluscs |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone released into the environment by one individual that controls the behavior or development of other individuals of the same species |
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Term
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Definition
| type of mollusc whose body is covered by a 2-pieced, hinged shell |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 jointed halves of a shell that surround the bodied of bivalves and lamp shells |
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Term
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Definition
| area around the hinge of a bivalve's shell. this area represents the oldest part of the shell |
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Term
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Definition
| large muscle that closes a bivalve's shell |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of a bivalve's or tunicate's siphon through which water is drawn into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of a bivalve's or tunicate's siphon through which water is expelled from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| pair of structures located near the mouth that forms filtered food into a mass and then moves it to the bivalve's mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular structure in some invertebrates that directs the flow of water in and out of the animal's body |
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Term
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Definition
| a tough protein secreted by a gland in the foot of some bivalves that commonly takes the form of threads. it is used to attach the bivalve to a solid surface such as rock or coral |
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Term
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Definition
| bivalve mollusc with a wormlike body belonging to the genus Teredo or Bankia that can burrow into wood |
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Term
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Definition
| animal belonging to the molluscan class Cephalopoda, which includes squids, octopods, cuttlefishes, and nautilods. |
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Term
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Definition
| cephalopod that has an external shell belonging to the subclass Nautiloidea |
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Term
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Definition
| cephalopod belonging to the subclass Coleoidea that does not have an external shell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cord of tissue that runs through the chambers of a nautilus shell and functions in the removal of seawater from the chambers and in the regulation of gas content in the chambers |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive organ found in some animals that stores food before it is processed |
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Term
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Definition
| armlike or fingerlike structure that projects from an animals body, usually the head |
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Term
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Definition
| internal strip of hard protein that helps support the mantle of a squid |
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Term
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Definition
| dark fluid produced in the ink glands of cephalopods |
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Term
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Definition
| brown or black pigment found in many animals |
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Term
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Definition
| special cell in an animal's skin that contains pigment molecules |
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Definition
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Definition
| tube that carries eggs to the outside of a female's body |
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