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He was one of the first to discover the deepest parts of the ocean, catalauge marine animals and inquire about the hydro logic cycle. |
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Mapped the known world in BC time, correctly calculated circumference of earth. |
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Discovered tidal phases are related to the moon. |
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Created the world atlas but used an incorrect circumference. |
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Determined Latitude with the use of Polaris, distance about horizon showed how far north you were. |
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How did man calculate Longitude? |
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They brought clocks aboard to calculate the Longitude. |
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Invented the Chronometer to solve the issue of clocks on board. |
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Took 3 voyages to the pacific ocean and successfully charted a large portion of the ocean. |
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Correctly described the formation of Atols |
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A series of British expeditions that collected animals from all over the world, discovered deep sea currents and well as developed new methods of taking deep sea samples. |
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He lead the first expedition to the Arctic. Trapped his boat in the ice and plotted circulation of Arctic water. |
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First person to reach the the south pole. |
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What advances happened in the early 1900's? |
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Nelson's deep water samples and thermometers, salinity tests, reliable ocean depth measurements with use of echo sounder. |
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A research program that predicts changes, manages risks and takes advantages of oppertunites from climate change. |
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program |
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An organization that conducts research and studies the earth by examining sediments underwater. |
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Ridge Interdisciplinary Global Experiment |
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An interdisciplinary program to study earths oceanic spreading ridges as a whole. |
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A way of approaching a question that involves detailed procedures, repeatably and if accepted, can become a theory. |
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What is the land/water distribution on earth? |
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Land covers about 25-30& of the total surface area of the earth. |
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Distribution of Water on earth |
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Oceans/Oceanic Ice - ~97% Rivers, land ice and ground water - ~3% |
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One of the modern navigational aids, sends of sound waves that bounce back to show how far off something is. |
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Long Range Navigation, one of the modern navigational techniques. |
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Equatorial Cylindrical Projection |
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If placed on a globe, only touches the equator, distorted as you go away from the equator. |
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Touches the poles and is good for n/s viewing. |
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Polar Tangent Plane Projections |
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A chart that is only connected at the poles. |
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Where Is The Most Land Located? |
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70% of the land is located int he NH, and the most water is the the SH. |
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What are the layers of the earth? |
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Crust - 65km Solid Mantle - 200km both L/S Outer Core - Liquid Inner Core - Solid |
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Division between crust and mantle. |
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A term to describe the equilibrium between the crust and the mantle, explains various heights of the crust. |
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Then the plates move away from each other causing mid ocean ridges. Has shallow earth quakes and has volcanism. |
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Convergent Plate Boundary |
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When to plates collide and subducts, one creates trenches. Has shallow to deep earth quakes and has volcanims. |
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When two plates slide past on another. Has shallow earth quakes and contains no volcanism. |
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Small hills located on the abyssal plane. The most common feature on earth. |
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A volcanic formation with its top eroded away. |
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What are the features of the slope of deep water? |
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Land Continental Slope - Steepest Continental Rise Ocean Floor |
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Factors That Affect Sediment Deposition |
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The particle size plays a huge factor in settling times, the location of the sediments a lot matters (Near the cost waves affect sediments while the open ocean doesn't have these. |
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Sediments that originated from the land. |
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When a sediment is more that 30% calcareous/Siliceous we call those sediments oozes. (Come from organisms) |
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How do we sample sediments? |
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We can take deep water core samples and examine the contents. |
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Is a dipole and has covalent bonds. Considered a universal solvent becuase of these bonds. |
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How does Heat/Salt affect density? |
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Water at around 2-5c has the higest density, as you add heat/remove heat from this point, the density decreases. With the addition of salt. the density of the water goes up depending on how much you put in. |
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How is heat spread in the ocean? |
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Heated on the surface of the water by the sun then currents and tides help the heat disperse. |
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Calcite Compression Depth |
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The depth where the amount of calcite dissolving = the amount appearing. |
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Heat that is added that doesn't change the temperature. |
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Heat that when added changes the temperature of a substance. |
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