Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Marine Science Test 1
Marine Science Test 1
46
Other
Undergraduate 1
02/22/2012

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Aristotle
Definition
He was one of the first to discover the deepest parts of the ocean, catalauge marine animals and inquire about the hydro logic cycle.
Term
Eralosthenes
Definition
Mapped the known world in BC time, correctly calculated circumference of earth.
Term
Pliny The Elder
Definition
Discovered tidal phases are related to the moon.
Term
Ptolemy
Definition
Created the world atlas but used an incorrect circumference.
Term
The Vikings
Definition
Determined Latitude with the use of Polaris, distance about horizon showed how far north you were.
Term
How did man calculate Longitude?
Definition
They brought clocks aboard to calculate the Longitude.
Term
John Harris
Definition
Invented the Chronometer to solve the issue of clocks on board.
Term
Cook
Definition
Took 3 voyages to the pacific ocean and successfully charted a large portion of the ocean.
Term
Darwin and the Beagle
Definition
Correctly described the formation of Atols
Term
Challenger Expeditions
Definition
A series of British expeditions that collected animals from all over the world, discovered deep sea currents and well as developed new methods of taking deep sea samples.
Term
Nelson and the Fram
Definition
He lead the first expedition to the Arctic. Trapped his boat in the ice and plotted circulation of Arctic water.
Term
Amundsen and the Fram
Definition
First person to reach the the south pole.
Term
What advances happened in the early 1900's?
Definition
Nelson's deep water samples and thermometers, salinity tests, reliable ocean depth measurements with use of echo sounder.
Term
Bathametric Chart
Definition
An underwater chart.
Term
Climate Change Program
Definition
A research program that predicts changes, manages risks and takes advantages of oppertunites from climate change.
Term
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Definition
An organization that conducts research and studies the earth by examining sediments underwater.
Term
Ridge Interdisciplinary Global Experiment
Definition
An interdisciplinary program to study earths oceanic spreading ridges as a whole.
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
A way of approaching a question that involves detailed procedures, repeatably and if accepted, can become a theory.
Term
What is the land/water distribution on earth?
Definition
Land covers about 25-30& of the total surface area of the earth.
Term
Distribution of Water on earth
Definition
Oceans/Oceanic Ice - ~97%
Rivers, land ice and ground water - ~3%
Term
Mean Depth of Ocean
Definition
3729m
Term
Radar
Definition
One of the modern navigational aids, sends of sound waves that bounce back to show how far off something is.
Term
Loran
Definition
Long Range Navigation, one of the modern navigational techniques.
Term
Equatorial Cylindrical Projection
Definition
If placed on a globe, only touches the equator, distorted as you go away from the equator.
Term
Polar Conic Projections
Definition
Touches the poles and is good for n/s viewing.
Term
Polar Tangent Plane Projections
Definition
A chart that is only connected at the poles.
Term
Where Is The Most Land Located?
Definition
70% of the land is located int he NH, and the most water is the the SH.
Term
What are the layers of the earth?
Definition
Crust - 65km Solid
Mantle - 200km both L/S
Outer Core - Liquid
Inner Core - Solid
Term
Moho
Definition
Division between crust and mantle.
Term
Isostasy
Definition
A term to describe the equilibrium between the crust and the mantle, explains various heights of the crust.
Term
Divergent Plate Boundary
Definition
Then the plates move away from each other causing mid ocean ridges.
Has shallow earth quakes and has volcanism.
Term
Convergent Plate Boundary
Definition
When to plates collide and subducts, one creates trenches.
Has shallow to deep earth quakes and has volcanims.
Term
Transform Plate Boundary
Definition
When two plates slide past on another.
Has shallow earth quakes and contains no volcanism.
Term
Abyssal Hills
Definition
Small hills located on the abyssal plane. The most common feature on earth.
Term
Guyot
Definition
A volcanic formation with its top eroded away.
Term
What are the features of the slope of deep water?
Definition
Land
Continental Slope - Steepest
Continental Rise
Ocean Floor
Term
Factors That Affect Sediment Deposition
Definition
The particle size plays a huge factor in settling times, the location of the sediments a lot matters (Near the cost waves affect sediments while the open ocean doesn't have these.
Term
Terrigenous Sediments
Definition
Sediments that originated from the land.
Term
Biogenous Oozes
Definition
When a sediment is more that 30% calcareous/Siliceous we call those sediments oozes. (Come from organisms)
Term
How do we sample sediments?
Definition
We can take deep water core samples and examine the contents.
Term
Water Molecule
Definition
Is a dipole and has covalent bonds. Considered a universal solvent becuase of these bonds.
Term
How does Heat/Salt affect density?
Definition
Water at around 2-5c has the higest density, as you add heat/remove heat from this point, the density decreases. With the addition of salt. the density of the water goes up depending on how much you put in.
Term
How is heat spread in the ocean?
Definition
Heated on the surface of the water by the sun then currents and tides help the heat disperse.
Term
Calcite Compression Depth
Definition
The depth where the amount of calcite dissolving = the amount appearing.
Term
Latent Heat
Definition
Heat that is added that doesn't change the temperature.
Term
Sensible Heat
Definition
Heat that when added changes the temperature of a substance.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!