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o 1884 Paul Nipkow (Russian)
o 4000 pixels |
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| What 14yr. old farm boy came up with the "Image Dissector" idea and what is it? |
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o 1922 – 14yr. old, Philo Farnsworth
o American farm boy came up with the “image dissector” idea while...(teacher turned)
o 1927 – made it publicly known |
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o 1923 – Vladimir Zworykin, demonstrated his tube, the first TV camera tube
o 1929 – David Sarnoff hired him to head the RCA electronics research lab, where he developed the kinescope, an improved picture tube. |
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| o BBC had the first electronic television service in 1936. |
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| The NTSC was adopted in which year? |
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| AT&T finished its coaxial cable and microwave relay network for TV programming distribution, which made TV networks technically possible in wich year? |
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o 1948 – FCC put a freeze on new TV stations cuz of not enough channels, which was prolonged for 4 yrs for the issue of color TV standards.
o 1952 – FCC finalized frequencies for VHF band (channels 2-13), and opened new UHF band (channel 14-83, later reduced to 69).
o Only VHF stations prospered. |
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o NBC: David Sarnoff
o CBS: William Paley
o ABC: Leonard Goldenson |
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| What year was the color TV introduced? |
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| What year did the remote control appear? |
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| What year did the videotape appear? |
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| The Quiz Show Scandal – 1959 |
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| Change of sponsorship from single sponsorship to participating sponsorship and spot advertising (or spot commercial sales). |
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o 1951 – Lucille Ball and her husband Desi Arnal produced the show on their own and sold it to CBS.
o Filmed reruns were possible, which also created the off-network syndication industry.
o TV industry, entertainment shows in particular moved from NY to Hollywood.
o Weekly series could be produced relatively quickly and inexpensively. |
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| Who used their own video "See it now" to fight McCarthyism? |
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| o Joseph McCarthy’s investigation of Reds in the US Army was broadcast by all the networks for 36 days in 1954. |
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| Speaking to the 1961 convention of National Association of Broadcasters, who referred to TV as a vast wasteland? |
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| When did Broadcast Rating begin? |
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o First started in 1930 by the Association of National Advertisers.
o Hooper and Pulse started offering ratings numbers in 10 yrs using random telephone calls. |
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o Started in 1923 as a product-testing company, and soon branched into market research
o Started reporting radio ratings in 1936
o By 1950, it had started reporting ratings for television
o Since 1950, A.C. Nielsen Company has dominated television audience measurement. |
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o Overnights: instant ratings gathered form homes in several major urban centers.
o Pocketpieces: ratings based on a national sample that are computed and reported every 2 weeks.
o MNA repots: (multi-network area reports) computations based on the 70 largest markets.
o Nielsen randomly selected 15,000 households as their sample
o Audiometers: measure by household, still used for overnight ratings
o Peoplemeters: measure by individual viewer, for National Television Index (NTI),
-Personal peoplemeters
-Passive peoplemeters
o Diary surveys four times a year: sweep periods in Feb, May, July, and Nov. |
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o Rating = households tuned into a program / TV households (universe estimate, U.E.)
o Share – households tuned into a program / households using TV (HUT)
o Cume: the cumulative audience or number of people listening to a station for at least 5 minutes in any one day. |
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o Later to become Pennsylvania’s governor, developed MATV
o 1952- continued to grow in remote areas of the West and the Midwest. |
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| o 1976 – Ted Turner pioneered advertising-supported cable channels by retransmitting a local independent station he owned in Atlanta via satellite, which evolved into the WTBS superstation. |
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| Ted Turner launched what cable news network in 1980? |
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| CNN (Cable News Network) duh! |
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o Fiber optics are cable made of thin strands of very pure glass fiber over which signals are carried by light beams.
o – up to 600x as much info as the same size coaxial cable.
o –perfectly suitable for carrying digital signals. |
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| What does "digital compression" do? |
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| o Digital compression squeezes signals to permit multiple signals to be carried over one channel. |
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| o The expanded carrying capacity produced by fiber optics and digital compression makes possible interactive cable, that is, the ability for the subscribers to talk back to the system operator. |
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| o Public access channels are channels reserved on a first come, first serve, nondiscriminatory basis for independent people. |
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| Financial Interest and Syndication Rules |
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| o 1993 – the Fin-Syn passes by FCC allowed the networks to produce an down the syndication rights up to 50% of their prime-time entertainment fare. |
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o Syndicating programs when they are aired for the first time.
o It becomes common with the development of independent stations. |
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| When was "Digital Video Recording" introduced? |
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| grazing (watching multi show), zapping (flipping thru commercials) |
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