Term
| Define Signal Transduction |
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Definition
| any cellular process that converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another |
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Term
| List the 4 Standard properties of most signal transduction pathways. |
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Definition
Specificity
amplification
desensitization
integration |
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Term
| List the 6 basic types of signal transducers. |
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Definition
GPCR
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor guanylyl cyclase
Gated ion channel
nuclear receptor
adhesion receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| a diffusible signaling molecule that is rapidly created or secreted in order to transduce a signal via binding to effector proteins |
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Term
| What is the most common biochemical outcome from a signal transduction pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 useful functions do multivalent adapters provide for the organization of signal pathways? |
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Definition
| Scaffolding for complexes Localization of signal pathways |
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Term
| What 4 benefits do the above useful functions provide? |
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Definition
Reuse of 2nd messenger
Allows the creation of local concentration effects
Allows for points of regulation in a pathway
Speeds up transduction through a pathway
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Term
| What family of proteins control the cell cycle and what family of proteases play a role in apotosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tumor suppressor genes? What is the most important tumor suppressor? |
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Definition
| Genes that encode for proteins that normally restrain cell division. P53 |
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Term
| What 2 properties of signal transduction pathways do 2nd messengers enable? |
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Definition
sensitivity through amplification
Allows the integration of multiple signals |
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Term
| What is a significant difference between sensory signal transduction pathways and GPCR pathways? |
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Definition
Sensory signal pathways change electrochemical gradients by changing ion channel states
Other GPCR pathways usually end with a phosphorylation event |
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Term
| Why are channels targeted by so many natural toxins? |
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Definition
| They provide high sensitivity. Large effect without entering the cell. |
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