Term
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Definition
| biological substances such as fats, oils, waxes, or sterols that are soluble in alcohol and nonpolar solvents but not water. They have large hydrocarbons that are reduced in comparison to carbs |
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Term
| List the 6 main uses of lipid. |
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Definition
Energy storage
membrane structure
cofactors
pigments
signals
water repellents |
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Term
| List the essential fatty acids and their type of omega fatty acid. |
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Definition
Linolenic FA- omega 6
alpha linolenic FA- omega 3 |
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Term
| Which type of fatty acid is a liquid at room temperature and which is a wax. Which type of fatty acid is considered the least healthy? |
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Definition
Unsaturated is liquid
Saturated is wax
Trans fat is least healthy |
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Term
| What are the four major classes of lipids found in biological membranes? Which subclass is found in more than one major class? |
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Definition
phospholipids
glycolipids
sterols
ether lipids |
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Term
| What are the two main precursors used in lipid biosynthesis? Where in the cell does membrane lipid degradation begin? |
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Definition
| acetate and isoprene; Lysosome |
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Term
| List the 4 main properties of biological membranes. |
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Definition
5-8nm thick lipid bilayer
selective permeability that is regulated
Provides surface for organization and localization of complex reaction sequences
Flexible and self-sealing |
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Term
| List the 3 main types of membrane-associated proteins. Indicate which types require harsh methods to dissociate with the membrane. |
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Definition
amphitrophic, peripheral, and integeral membrane proteins.
Integral membrane proteins |
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Term
| What is the normal state of a lipid bilayer at physiological temperatures? What type of lipid promotes this state? /What macromolecular entity in lipid bilayers does this liquid help form? |
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Definition
liquid ordered state;
sterols specifically cholesterol, It helps forms rafts |
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Term
| List the 4 major types of transporters. What is not a transporter that facilitates transport across a biological membrane? |
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Definition
Passive transporters
primary active transporters
secondary active transporters
channels;
ionophores |
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Term
| What specific transporter creates the neuronal membrane potential? What type of transporter plays a fundamental role in creating neuronal action potentials? |
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Definition
| Na+/K+ pump. Gated ion channel |
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Term
| In what ways are ion channels regulated? Why are ion channels heavily regulated? |
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Definition
Ligand gated and voltage gated;
to prevent destruction of ion gradients |
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Term
| List the 3 major proton m=pumps that all have similar structure. Identify the organisms each pump is found in. What is implied by this? |
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Definition
F type ATPase- Bacteria
A type ATPase- Archaea
V type ATPase- Eukaryotes;
They're all old |
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