Term
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Definition
| -Apotentially fatal foodborne bacterial illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes. |
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Term
| How is Listeriosis usually manifested? |
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Definition
| As septicemia and/or meningoencephalitis in newboarns and adults, and fever and abortion in pregnant women. |
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Term
| Is Listeriosis treatable? |
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Definition
| Yes it is treatable with anitbiotics if diagnosed in time. |
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Term
| Who are at the highest risk for Listeriosis? |
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Definition
| *neonates, the elderly, immunocompromised persons, and pregnant women. |
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Term
| What is the incubation period for Listeriosis? |
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Definition
| it is variable (3-70 days) |
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Term
| Where is Listeriosis principally found? |
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Definition
In areas with poor sanitation, and in soil, water, and forage.
-Other reservoirs include infected domestic and wild animals, fowl, and people. |
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Term
| What are some foods that are a risk factor for Listeriosis? |
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Definition
| Unpastuerized dairy products, cheese..milk. |
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Term
| How is Listeriosis killed? |
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Definition
| It is killed by pasteurization and other heating procedures used to prepare dairy products and ready-to-eat processed meals. |
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Term
| What should pregnant women and the immunocompromised do to avoid Listeriosis? |
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Definition
Avoid softe cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, and Mexican style cheeses.
-They should also cook until steaming hot, leftover foods and meats and pasteurized dairy products, and avoid all contact with farm animals.
-Wash all raw vegetables and avoid the used of untreated animal manure on crops. |
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Term
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Definition
-A zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii of cats transmitted via fecal contamination (contact or airborn) of oocysts from litter boxes sandboxes.
-Also from eating raw or undercooked meant containing tissue cysts. |
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Term
| What may a primary infection during pregnancy lead to? |
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Definition
May lead to fetal infection, with death of the fetus or chorioretinitis, brain damage, or convulsions at birth.
(most infants won't have symptoms at birth but will develop symptoms later in life.) |
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Term
| High prevalence of infection in France and Cental American related to? |
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Definition
France-eating raw or undercooked meat
Central America-the frequency of stray cats in a climate favoring survival of oocysts. |
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Term
| Treatment of Toxoplasmosis |
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Definition
| -Treatment is not routinely indicated for a healthy immunocompetent host, except in an intitial infection during pregnancy or the presence of active chorioretinitis, myocarditis or other organ involvement. |
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Term
| who are most at risk for toxoplasmosis? |
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Definition
-Infants born to mothers who became infected with toxoplasma for the first time during or just before pregnancy.
-Persons with severly weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those takeing certain types of chemotherapy, and those who have recently received an organ transplant. |
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Term
| Preventative measures for toxoplasmosis? |
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Definition
-Cook all meat to 150 degrees F before eating.
-Avoid cleaning litter boxes and contact with unknown cats. (preferably remove cat from house during pregnancy)
-wear gloves when gardening
-wash hands thotoughly before eating. |
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Term
| What is intestinal (infant) botulism? |
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Definition
| -A foodborne illness due to the ingestion of spores from the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. |
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Term
| What happens when you ingest the botullinum bacterium? |
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Definition
| Ingested spores colonize the gut and begin producing a potent neurotoxin. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms for botulism? |
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Definition
| Begin with constipation, folllowed by lethargy, listlessness, poor feeding, difficulty swallowing, loss of head control, generalized wekaness (floppy baby) and in some cases, respiratory insufficiency and arrest. |
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Term
| Once diagnosed with botulism what are babies given? |
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Definition
| Botulinum Immune globulin (BIG) to neutralize the toxin. |
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Term
| For infants one source of botulism is _____ |
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Definition
| honey. Infants less than 12 months of age should not be given honey. |
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Term
| What is Rotavirus Disease caused be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is the leading cause of severe diarrheal disease and dehydration of infants on a global basis. |
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Definition
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Term
| when does Rotavirus disease most commonly occur? what age? |
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Definition
| between 3 months and 2 years of age. |
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Term
| what is the incubation period for rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is rotavirus characterized by? |
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Definition
| vomiting, fever, and watery diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Is there a vaccine for rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary mode of transmission for rotavirus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when do annual epidemics occur for rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| prevention and control of rotavirus? |
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Definition
-immunize (3 dose schedule)
-prevent exposre of infants to those with acute gastroenteritits in family and institutional settings through high level sanitary practices.
-breastfeeding may reduce the severity of the illness. |
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Term
| What is rubella also know as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is rubella caused by? |
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Definition
| A virus, spread person to person by nasophayngeal secreations through contact or air. |
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Term
| Infection of rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to: |
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Definition
| fetal death, premature delivery, deafness, eye defects, heart defects, and mental retardation. |
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Term
| When does Congenital Rubella syndrome occur? |
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Definition
When the rubella virus attakcs a developing fetus.
-up to 85% of infants affected during 1st trimester will have some type of birth defect. |
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Term
| rubella what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| A rash appears that may look similar to other rashes. |
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Term
| When is rubella most contagious? |
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Definition
| when the rash is erupting. |
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Term
| Is there a cure for rubell? |
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Definition
no cure, only supportive treatment.
but there is a vaccine!!!! the MMR:) |
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