over-represents or under-represents part of the population

representative subset of the population you want information about

an arrangement of the values (usually in table format) that one or more variables take in a sample

statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a simple scale, typically using filled in circles

 68% of data lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean; 95% of data lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean; 99.7% of data lies within 3 standard deviations of the mean

a statistic that tells you how dispersed, or spread out, data values are (e.g. range, variance, and standard deviation)

the square of standard deviation, σ²

a measure of dispersion from the mean that uses all data values; can be for a sample (S_x) or a population(σ_x)

modeled by a bell-shaped curve that is symmetric about the mean with a total area under the curve of 1 and has an equal mean, median, and mode

draws inferences about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator

a measure of center of a set of data; symbolized by μ for a population and xbar for a sample

collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts.

 similar to a sample statistic but generally an unobservable quantity describing a property of a statistical population

a subset of a population

subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population) such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process

the normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

xbar = μ

simple measure of dispersion that uses 2 data values, Max-Min

difference between a data point and the mean

consists of info coming from observation counts, measurements, or responses.

the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data

when a vertical line can be drawn through the middle & resulting halves are mirror images

has equal frequency throughout distribution

tail extends to the left

tail extends to the right