Term
| Crane owner responsibilities. |
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Definition
ID and assign specific responsibilities.
Aware of requirements of every job.
Ensure operator is well trained, experienced and competent.
Ensuring that the operator is both capable of and aware of the necessity of carrying ourt all his responsibilities.
Ensuring that all personnel involved are well trained, experienced and competent.
Provide ongoing, high quality training.
Assign to the crews definite individual responsibilities.
Ensure that a thorough crane maintenance and inspoection program is established and maintained.
Ensuring the client and site supervision are aware of their responsibilities.
Ensuring that a suitable and safe crane and equipment and a competent crew are assigned to the job.
Ensuring the crane and all associated equipment are in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements and all applicable regulations.
Providing qualified supervision when needed. |
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Term
| When is the operator actually responsible for the safety of the operation? |
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Definition
| The operator is generally responsible for the safety of the crane operation as soon as the load is lifted clear of the ground. |
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Term
Crane operator responsibilities
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Definition
Knowing his machine well.
Totally familiar with the operating manual.
Totally familiar with the loade chart.
Inspecting and maintaining the crane.
Informing the owner of any problems.
Recording in the logbook.
Supervisor and train the oiler.
Being aware of any site conditions.
Checking that site is adequately prepared.
Reviewing the planned operation.
Finding out the load and rigging weight.
Determining where the load is to be placed.
Determining number of parts of hoist line required.
Checking the load chart.
Selecting the best boom, jib and crane config.
Assembling, setting up and rigging the crane properly.
Following the manufacturer's operating instructions.
Considering all factors that might reduce crane capacity.
Knowing basic load rigging.
Maintainintg communication with signalmen.
Ensuring oiler is in a safe place.
Operating in a smooth, controlled and safe manner.
Shutting down and securing the machine.
Provide proof of qualification.
Carry proof of qualification.
Capable of performing their assigned duties.
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Term
| How do site supervision and the crane operator interact in regards to the safety if the operation? |
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Definition
| Site supervision has overall responsibility for the lift and therefore must plan all phases of the operation. Complete co-operation with the operator who has the final say regarding the safety of the operation. |
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Term
| Site supervision's responsibilities |
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Definition
Supervising all work involving the crane.
Determining the correct load weight.
Determining the correct radius.
Ensuring the rigging crew is experienced and competent.
Supervising the rigging crew.
Ensuring the load is properly rigged.
Ensuring that the signalmen are competent.
Designating a signalman.
Ensuring the safety of the rigging crew and all other personnel.
Keeping the public and all non-essential personnel clear of the crane during operation.
Controlling the movement of all personnel.
Ensuring that all required safety precautions are taken near powerlines.
Ensuring that all personnel involved, understand their jobs. |
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Term
| Mainenance personnel responsibilities |
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Definition
Use only OEM replacement parts.
Components must be brought to Zero state.
Hydraulic pressure must be relieved.
Lock out.
Crane must be placed where it will not constitute a hazard.
All controls must be set to neutral when done. |
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Term
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Definition
Riggers must be experienced and capable.
Must be capable in establishing weights.
Must be capable of judging distances, heights, and clearances.
Must be capable of selecting appropriate lifting gear and rigging.
Must be capable of rigging the load safely. |
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Term
| Regarding finding the weight of the load, what is the operator's responsibility? |
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Definition
| Although the operator is not responsible for determining the weight of the load, if he does so or if he lifts it without chekcing the weight with site supervision then he becomes totally responsible for the lift and any consequences that come from it. |
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Term
| As a journeyperson, how can you help new apprentices learn? |
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Definition
Setup lessons, reinforce relevance.
Show how to do it, guide them a few times.
Let them do it on their own.
Let them know how they did.
Be part of the bluebook process. |
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Term
| How would you know if a load is stable or unstable? |
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Definition
It is stable if the crane's hook is directly over the CofG.
It is stable if the CofG is below the attachment points on the load. |
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Term
| What does a load's CofG always try to do? |
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Definition
| A load's CofG will always attempt to position itself directly under your hook. |
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Term
| Why are boom angle indicators unreliable? |
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Definition
| The indicators are mounted on the base of the boom and may notr register the deflection of the extended sections under heavy load, particularly if the wear pads are worn excessively. Consequently the boom angle may actually be lower than the indicator reads. They also have an error margin of up to 2 degrees. |
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Term
| What will slack rope ultimately do? |
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Definition
| The wire rope on all load and boom hoist drums must be tightly and evenly wound at all times. If not sever rope damage will occur. |
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Term
| Name the causes of poor drum winding or slack rope. |
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Definition
Rope incorrectly installed on the drum.
Incorrect fleet angle.
Rope is too stiff for the crane.
Sheaves poorly lubricated or stiff due to cold weather.
Effect of wind on hoist line.
Suddenly stopping a load as it is being hoisted.
Hook block or headache ball too light.
Sudden change in rope tension.
Over-lowering. |
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Term
| How do you rectify improperly wound cable? How do you ensure it is installed correctly? |
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Definition
You must remove the rope and install in properly, or install the proper rope.
Find out if the rope is overwound or underwound.
Find out if the rope needs to be installed (anchored) on the right or left side of the drum. |
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Term
| What are the acceptable fleet angles? |
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Definition
On a grooved drum, the fleet angle should not exceed 2 degrees (30:1 ratio)
On a smooth drum the fleet angle should not exceed 1.5 degrees (40:1 ratio) |
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Term
What would you do to rectify an improperly wound cable due to stiffness of the rope?
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Definition
The cable requires a larger diameter drum in order to curve around the drum properly.
The crane's drum requires a more supple cable, capable of bending more easily. |
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Term
| How can cold weather affect the spooling of the rope? |
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Definition
| Sheaves can be stiff. To warm up your sheaves prior to lifting by running the line out and in, but slowly. |
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Term
| What does suddenly stopping the load do? |
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Definition
| Suddenly stopping the load as it is being hoisted will cause the load to "jump" which will cause slack in the line, which in turn could loosen the wraps on the drum. |
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Term
| Which slack rope condition occurs often, how is that a problem? |
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Definition
Hook block or headache ball too light to keep the rope taut when lowering the hook or elevating the boom. This occurs often.
Your block or ball will smash into your sheaves and your rope will be piled up. |
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Term
| Example of sudden change in rope tension. |
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Definition
This can happen when trying to lift a load out of the ice and the ice lets go.
This can happen when lifting a cut portion of steel but the slag has "re-glued". |
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Term
| If you need to leave your crane unattended, which precautions must you take? |
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Definition
You must lower the load to the ground.
You must place all control levers in neutral.
You must disconnect the master clutch/P.T.O. and/or shut down the crane.
You must set all brakes and locking devices.
Retract and stow the boom.
Lock and secure the control panel.
Lock all doors to prevent unauthorized access.
If the crane is on outriggers, leave it that way. If it is "on rubber" and the ground is not level, either move it or block the tires. Set the carrier brake, place the transmission in neutral and set the parking brake.
If equipped, disconnect the batter with quick disconnect.
Remove the keys, and palce them somewhere secure to prevent unauthorized access.
On a lattice boom, ensure you boom down onto blocking and put slack in the pendants. |
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Term
| Which precautions must you take relating to the proximity of your crane to an obstruction? |
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Definition
Ropes and barricades must be positioned to prevent entry into hazard areas near and especially behind the crane.
If a crane is closer than 2 feet to any obstruction, entry shall be prevented by barriers. |
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Term
| If you must work near powerlines, what must be provided? |
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Definition
| If any part of the crane or load may encroach upon the MSAD, then a competent signal person shall be stationed at all times within view of the operator when this may happen. |
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Term
| What must be done prior to starting work near powerlines? |
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Definition
| The employer must contact the power line operator before work is done or equipment is operated within 7 meters of an energized overhead power line. |
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Term
| If you make contact with the powerlines, what must you do? |
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Definition
Don't panic.
Remain inside the cab, if feasible.
Instruct all other personnel to keep away from the machine, rope and load.
Try, unaided, and without anyone approaching the machine, to back off the crane until it is well clear of the power line.
If the machine cannot be self-propelled away or disentagnled from the line, remain inside the machine until the electrical authorities de-energize the circuit and confirm the conditions are safe. |
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Term
| Why would you not use your wire rope after contact with powerlines? |
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Definition
| Should contact have been made, wire rope shouyld be replaced since the arc is usually of sufficient power to either weld, melt or badly pit the rope. |
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Term
| How does the boom design work in regards to the boom's strength? |
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Definition
| A crane boom is at its strongest position in a near vertical lift. The compression on the boom does not cause it to bend until it is at a lower angle. |
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Term
| What would contact to the boom cause? |
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Definition
| Contact will dent, bow or slightly bend portions of the crane's boom, which may cause total boom collapse. |
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Term
| Which function(s) could cause two-blocking? Which is the most dangerous? |
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Definition
This can occur while telescoping the boom out, booming down or cabling up.
Telescoping is the most dangerous due to the energy created. |
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Term
| Which component was introduced to prevent two-blocking, and how does it work? |
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Definition
To protect against two-blocking a device known as ANTI-TWO-BLOCK was created. A2B is composed of a weight, a connecting method (chain or cable) and a sensor.
When the weight is relieved from the sensor, the circuit completes and sends a signal to the crane's computer. |
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Term
| When scoping out, what rule must be followed? Why? |
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Definition
Unless stated otherwise in your crane manual, you must send out your boom sections evenly and in sync.
The load charts are based on the boom sections being equally extended.
There could also be structural failure. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you convey lowering the load slowly? |
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Definition
To lower the load; point down using your index, while closing the rest of your fingers, then make circles with your index.
To move slowly, place your opposite hand, flat, in front of where your finger is pointing. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you convey main hoist? |
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Definition
| Using your hand, tap the top of your head/hard-hat once or twice. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you convey raise the boom and hold the load? |
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Definition
To raise the boom; make a "thumbs up" symbol with your hand.
To keep the load at a consistent height, pump your fingers while holding your thumb out. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you convey retract the boom? |
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Definition
| Place both arms in front of you, then using both thumbs, point them towards each other while closing the rest of your fingers. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you convey stop? |
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Definition
| To stop, swing your hand out, palm down, in a chopping motion, briskly and with authority. |
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Term
| Using international hand signals, how would you coney dog everything and when would you use this? |
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Definition
To "dog" everything, clasp your hands in front of you.
You would use this when holding a load for a long time, or when you need to adjust yourself in the cab. |
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Term
| Based on what you have seen, would you operate a crane at 90% of its capacity in -40 Celcius weather? |
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Definition
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Term
| Using tele-communications, if you were facing the operator, how would youy ask him to move the load to your left four feet, and closer to you be seven feet? |
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Definition
Swing right four feet, three, slow, two, one, stop.
Boom down and hold the load seven feet, six, five, four, three, slow, two, one, stop. |
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Term
| When doing on-rubber lifting, which precautions must you take? Which components must be checked prior? |
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Definition
When making on rubber lifts, you must ensure the following components are in good working order:
Axle lockout (if equipped).
Tires, rating, condition and inflation.
Crane speed not exceeded (for Pick and carry)
Consult the manufacturer's manual for any specifics to your crane's ability to perform on-rubber operations.
Some manufacturers recommend having the outrigger beams extended and having the cylinders partially extended, so the floats are just clear of the ground. |
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Term
| Name three common on-rubber charts. |
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Definition
Over the front (rear on some units).
360.
Pick and carry. |
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Term
| When lifting on rubber, what happens to deflection? |
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Definition
Deflection increases.
Deflection of tires and frame must also be accounted for. |
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Term
| When doing a pick and carry operation, why would you carry the load low? |
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Definition
| This allows for the load line to act as a shock absorber. |
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Term
| Doing pick and carry, what should you avoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which precautions must you follow when doing a pick and carry? |
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Definition
Keep the load low.
Keep the boom angle low.
Compensate for irregular ground.
Point the boom in the direction of travel.
Avoid slopes.
Sudden starts and stops should be avoided.
Restraint lines shall be provided to contain the load swing.
Pay attention to clearances.
Keep the boom as short as possible.
Swing brakes must be set.
Creep speeds only.
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Term
| When going backwards during a pick and carry, which precaution must you follow? Why? |
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Definition
If you need to go backwards, ensure the load is tied back to the crane (snubbing).
Use caution as when you trtavel backwards, if done in a jerking motion, could cause the carrier to literally walk out from under the superstructure, causing forward tipping,. |
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Term
| If you must travel un un-level ground during pick and carry, which rules should you follow? |
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Definition
Ensure there is a large margin of capacity over the load being lifted.
Move the load in stages.
Keep the load on the up-hill side of the crane.
Do not swing the crane.
Block the tracks on a crawler when stopping.
Watch for unstable crane during release of the load. |
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Term
| List examples of criteria chosen for critical lifts. |
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Definition
Multi-crane lifts.
Lifts over or near operating equipment.
Lifts over or near power lines.
The gross load exceeds 75% of capacity.
When lifting personnel.
Non-standard crane configurations are used.
The load weight exceeds set limits.
Weight.
Value.
Near/over water.
Specialized rigging.
Weather conditions.
Near/over gas lines.
Any other conditions set by the client.
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Term
| Who should be part of a critical lift? |
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Definition
| Experienced operators, and competent personnel. |
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Term
| When setting up a critical lift, what must be known? |
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Definition
Starting, travel, and final position of the load must be known.
Radius, boom length and boom angle must be known.
Total gross load must be known. |
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Term
| What can cause a lattice boom to collapse backwards? |
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Definition
Boom operated at a higher boom angle than permitted.
Sudden forward movement at a high boom angle.
Hook block tied back to boom foot and pulled too tight.
Sudden release of the load.
High wind speeds acting on the front of the boom.
Two-blocking.
Swinging from downhill side to uphill side.
Starting or stopping swing motion suddenly. |
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Term
Which angle should your boom be at when installing and removing a swing type jib?
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Definition
| Crane boom must be set at 0 degrees. |
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Term
| The jib's capacity is based on________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tool allows you to identify hazards? |
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Definition
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Term
| The client must ensure that what is prepared for the crane? |
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Definition
| Access roads and operating location. |
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Term
| When you are getting ready to select your crane, what must you keep in mind? (regarding the load) |
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Definition
| Find out what the load is and where it is travelling from and to. |
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Term
| What kind of site limitations would youy have to be aware of when filling in a JHA? |
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Definition
| Utilities, power lines, access/egress. |
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Term
| The company controlling the crane must: |
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Definition
Ensure access roads are adequate.
Operating locations are firm and level.
Operating locations awar from trenches.
Blocking (other than pads) is available.
Operating locations away from powerlines.
Sufficient room for crane erection.
Access to site is restriced to authorized personnel.
Competent personnel is involved (rigging crew). |
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Term
| Which criteria would youy need to know prior to selecting the crane to be used? |
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Definition
Load weight percentage (of your capacity).
Keep your radius as low as possible.
Pay special attention to site limitations. |
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Term
| What two criteria must be kept as low as possible when getting ready to setup a liftr plan? |
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Definition
Load weight percentage.
Radius as low as possible. |
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Term
| When setting up a lift plan, which site limitations must you pay special attention to? |
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Definition
Utilities.
Power lines.
Access/egress. |
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Term
| If, when setting up your crane, you still have one tire touching the ground, what must be used? |
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Definition
| When using only one or two outriggers, capacity and stability losses are huge, and the "on rubber" ratings must be used. |
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Term
| If all the outrigger beams are not fully extended, what happens to capacity? |
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Definition
| All beams must be fully extended, if they are not, capacity drops sharply and the "on rubber" chart must be used. |
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Term
| What is the law regardign outrigger actuation? |
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Definition
| You must be able to see the outrigger you are engaging, or have a spotter. |
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Term
| What happens if you do not pin your float to your outrigger cylinder? |
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Definition
| If it is not, and under load the crane lifts an outrigger, the cylinder may not re-engage the pad when it comes back down. If this happens there will be no support under the outrigger. |
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Term
| When calculating the ground bearing pressures created by a crane, what must you keep in mind for maximum pressure generated? |
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Definition
| Much of the total weight of the crane and load can be transmitted to only one outrigger. |
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Term
| How can you counter soft ground deflection? |
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Definition
| Blocking must always be used under the outrigger floats to distribute the crane loads over as large an area as possible. |
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Term
Blocking for outriggers must be:
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Definition
Fairly rigid.
Tightly spaced.
at least 3 times larger in area than the float and must be able to completely support the float. |
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Term
| What will span blocdking cause? |
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Definition
| Cause the float to fail at approximately half its design load. |
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Term
The bottom of the float and the outrigger jack must be at what angle whenb set-up? why?
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Definition
| Blocking must always be level to guarantee a right angle (90degrees) between the cylinder and the bottom of the float. |
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Term
| What does blocking under the outrigger beams create? |
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Definition
| Never block under the outrigger beams, this will create an inside tipping point and reduce stability. |
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Term
| How can you minimize the pressure created by the lifting operation? |
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Definition
| We must use blocking under the floats. |
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Term
| How far back must you stay away from an excavation? |
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Definition
Soft or backfilled soil:
2 x depth of trench.
Hard soil:
1 x depth of trench
Measured from the foot of the trench. |
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Term
What is the formula for pressure? What units of measure can you use for each letter?
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Definition
P = F/A
P = PSI
F = Pounds
A = In2 |
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Term
| What is the maximum pressure created if your crane weighs 85000lbs and the load weighs 3900lbs? Your floats are 14" diameter, and your pads are regulation size (industry standard). |
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Definition
Floats are : 153.94 Sq.In.
Pads are : 461.82 Sq.In.
Gross weight is : 88900 lbs
Pressure is : 192.52 PSI |
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Term
| In which position does a crawler crane create a higher ground pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which component on a crawler crane will allow it to have a full 360 chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would hard ground create higher ground pressures from a crawler crane? |
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Definition
| There is more surface to bear the weight when the crane is on a softer surface. |
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Term
| Name methods of levelling the crane,. |
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Definition
Carrier deck level.
In cab level.
At the boom foot pins.
Plumb bobbing. |
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Term
| Why is it important to have your crane level? |
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Definition
| Ensure the crane is level, the charts are created for a level crane. |
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Term
| Setting up a carrier based crane, what must you ensure? |
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Definition
Ensure outriggers are fgully extended, or are pinned for mid-outrigger.
Ensure all tires are off the ground.
Ensure your flaots are set on mats or pads, and that it is on firm footing. |
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Term
| When assembling a crawler based lattice boom crane, which parts would be installed first? |
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Definition
| The tracks, followed by the carbody counterweights. |
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Term
| Based on the LR1300, which counterweights would you install first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cantilever limit? |
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Definition
| These limits dictate how many sections you can isntall before you must connect the pendants further down the line. |
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Term
| Where is the best place on boom sections, to lift from? |
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Definition
| Attach rigging to the pin connection points. |
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Term
| For handling boom sections, how would you use chainbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the crane assembly (other than jibs) causes the most deaths? |
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Definition
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Term
| When removing pins from boom sections, what must you ensure (crane wise)? |
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Definition
| Do not touich and pins on boom sections located between the pendants connection points and the crane. |
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Term
| When can you start pounding pins in (during boom erection)? |
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Definition
When you have lined up the holes.
Starting with top pins. |
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Term
| Where is the death zone when assembling a lattice boom? |
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Definition
| Inside and underneath the boom. |
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Term
| Where should you pound pins from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you be looking for during your final inspection of boom (re)configuration? |
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Definition
Ensure you do a full pin and keeper inspection.
Do not forget about tools!
Check for damage to sections.
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Term
| On conventional cranes, what must you ensure when chaining down to a trailer for transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the elevation view provide you in a lift plan? |
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Definition
Crane clearance.
Head and rigging clearance. |
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Term
| In a plan view, what is the most important portion? |
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Definition
Starting to final positions are shown.
Distances for obstructions are shown. |
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