Term
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Definition
Type: Direct, peptide
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates bone and muscle growth
Stimulated/released by: GHRH in hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Direct, peptide
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates milk production/secretion
Stimulated/released by: INHIBITED by prolactin inhibitory factor PIF in hypothalamus |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH |
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Definition
Type: Tropic, peptide
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize/secrete glucocorticoids
Stimulated/released by: CRF in hypothalamus |
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Term
| Thyroid-stimulating Hormone TSH |
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Definition
Type: Tropic, glycoprotein
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
Stimulated/released by: TRH in hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: MADE in hypothalamus, STORED in post. pituitary
Action(s): stimulates uterine contractions, milk production
Stimulated/released by: hypothalamus neurons release it into the posterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Tropic, glycoprotein
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates ovulation in females, stimulates corpus luteum production by ruptured follicle, testosterone synthesis in males' Leydig cells
Stimulated/released by: GnRH in hypothalamus |
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Term
| Follicle-stimulating Hormone FSH |
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Definition
Type: Tropic, Peptide
Source: Ant. Pituitary
Action(s): stimulates follicle maturation (females), spermatogenesis (males)
Stimulated/released by: GnRH in hypothalamus |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone ADH (Vasopressin) |
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Definition
Type: Tropic, Peptide
Source: MADE in hypothalamus, STORED in post. pituitary
Action(s): stimulates water resorption in kidneys via increased urine osmolarity and decreased water excretion. Increases permeability of collecting duct to water.
Stimulated/released by: hypothalamus neurons release it into the posterior pituitary |
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Term
| Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4) |
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Definition
Type: Tyrosine
Source: Thyroid
Action(s): negative feedback to pituitary, stimulates metabolic activity
Stimulated/released by: TSH |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Thyroid
Action(s): opposes effects of PTH, decreases blood Ca level by increased excretion from kidneys, decreased absorption from gut, increased storage in bones
Stimulated/released by: stimulated by high blood levels of Ca |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Parathyroid Gland
Action(s): Increases blood Ca levels, converts vit. D to active form
Stimulated/released by: inhibited by high blood Ca levels, stimulated by low Ca levels |
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Term
| Glucocorticoids-cortisol and cortisone |
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Definition
Type: steroid
Source: adrenal cortex
Action(s): increase blood glucose level/gluconeogenesis, decrease protein synthesis
Stimulated/released by: stress |
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Term
| Mineralocorticoids-Aldosterone |
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Definition
Type: steroid
Source: adrenal cortex
Action(s): increased sodium resorption in kidneys leading to increased water resorption, opposes function of atrial natriuretic hormone
Stimulated/released by: renin-angiotensin system stimulates release when decreased blood volume is sensed. Kidney secretes renin, which converts angiotensin to active form, which stimulates release of aldosterone. |
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Term
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Definition
Type: Catecholamine
Source: Adrenal Medulla
Action(s): Increase blood glucose level and heart rate
Stimulated/released by: fight or flight response |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Pancreas (alpha cells)
Action(s): stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver, increases blood glucose
Stimulated/released by: Low blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Pancreas (beta cells)
Action(s): lowers blood glucose, increases storage of glycogen
Stimulated/released by: high blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Pancreas
Action(s): suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin, inhibits release of GH and TSH
Stimulated/released by: low pH |
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Term
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Definition
Type: steroid
Source: testis
Action(s): maintains male secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis
Stimulated/released by: LH stimulates testosterone release from interstitial cells |
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Term
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Definition
Type: steroid
Source: ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, placenta if pregnant
Action(s): maintains female secondary sex characteristics, thickens endometrium. Highest before and after ovulation.
Stimulated/released by: elevated FSH and LH stimulate secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Type: steroid
Source: corpus luteum, placenta if pregnant
Action(s): maintenance of endometrium. Highest after ovulation and causes negative feedback on GnRH, FSH, LH
Stimulated/released by: anterior pituitary secretes LH which stimulates progesterone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Type: glycoprotein
Source: kidney
Action(s): stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes
Stimulated/released by: hypoxia, normally present |
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Term
| Atrial Natriuretic Hormone |
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Definition
Type: Peptide
Source: Heart
Action(s): osmoregulation, vasodilator (opposite function of aldosterone), greater excretion of sodium and water
Stimulated/released by: stress to heart-acts to cause less volume flows through the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Type: protein
Source: thymus
Action(s): stimulates t lymphocyte development
Stimulated/released by: fights viral/fungal infections |
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