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Definition
| Collection of neuron cell bodies with a similar function |
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| Integration of many relexes to produce a single behavior |
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| What does the brainstem control? |
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Definition
Vegetative functions - most vital functions and internal organs.
E.g. heart rate, respiration, body’s response to life threatening situations (shuts down GI tract under stressful situations) |
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Definition
| Dorsal portion of the brainstem |
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Definition
| Ventral portion of the brainstem |
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| Huge area in the brain stem that contains fluid |
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| How many cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
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| Tectospinal tract functions |
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Definition
| Controls impulses of the head, neck, and eyes |
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Term
| Vestibulospinal tract functions |
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Definition
| Balance, inner ear functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything with fatty components (myelin) picks up the stain. White matter appears black |
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Term
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Definition
• Grey matter where the dorsal column pathway would be in the spinal cord.
• Located in the lower medulla
• Where the dorsal column pathway synapses before decussating.
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Definition
| The part of the Trigeminal Nerve that controls pain and temperature in the head and neck. |
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Term
| Reticular (spider web) Formation |
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Definition
• Small bundles of neurons that interconnect with each other
• It is connected to nearly everything and as such is involved in “information sampling
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Term
| What happens when there’s damage to the reticular formation? |
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Definition
| Conscious activity is shut down |
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Term
| Vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) |
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Definition
• Starts in the brainstem but extends to all internal organs
• Controls vegetative functions
• Associated with both motor output AND sensory input from internal organs
• Motor output is dealt with by the dorsal efferent neurons of the vagus
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Term
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Definition
• Deals with sensory input from internal organs
• Associated with the vagus nerve
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Term
| Hypoglossal (Cranial nerve 12) |
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Definition
• “glossal” = tongue
• Controls muscle activity of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
Group of neurons that includes:
• Facial nerve (Cranial nerve 7)
• Glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve 9)
• Vagus nerve (Cranial nerve 10) |
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Term
| Facial nerve (Cranial nerve 7) |
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Definition
| • Motor nerve that controls muscles of facial expression |
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Term
| What happens when there’s damage to the facial nerve? |
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Definition
| • Bell’s Palsy – drooping of one side of the face. |
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Term
| Glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve 9) |
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Definition
| • Controls posterior tongue muscles and muscles associated with the pharynx |
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Term
| What would happen when there’s damage to the medial lemniscus in the upper medulla |
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Definition
| There would be a loss of epicritic touch on the contralateral side (Dorsal columns already crossed in the lower medulla) |
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Term
| Vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve 8) |
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Definition
• Controls sensory information from the ears
• Hearing (auditory component) and vestibular component (where the head is in space)
• Auditory component follows lateral lemniscus to the thalamus
• Vestibular component is associated with cranial nerve 8 nucleus in the medulla |
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Term
| What cranial nerves originate in the medulla? |
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Definition
• 5 (partially): (Spinal V of the trigeminal)
• 7: (Facial)
• 8 (Vestibulocochlear)
• 9: (Glossopharyngeal)
• 10: (Vagus)
• 11: (Spinal Accessory)
• 12: (Hypoglossal)
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Term
| Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve 11) |
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Definition
• Inntervates the trapezius muscles (muscles of the shoulder and neck)
• Part of it is associated with the medulla and part is associated with the spinal cord |
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Definition
• Balance
• Inner ear functions |
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Definition
| • Associated with information going to the cerebellum |
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