Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Mcgraw-Hill Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 1-3
Chapters: MajorThemes of Anatomy & Physiology, Chemistry, & Cellular Form and Function
61
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/23/2014

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Atom
Definition
2. The smallest particle of an element that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
Term
Ion
Definition
2. An electrically charged atom; has unequal numbers of electrons and protons.
Term
Molecule
Definition
2. A chemical particle composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.
Term
Chemistry
Definition
2.The study of the composition structure,and reactions of matter.
Term
Energy
Definition
2. The power to cause something to move; to work.
Term
Matter
Definition
2. Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Term
Element
Definition
2. The simplest type of matter composed of atoms of only one kind that maintains unique chemical properties.
Term
Acid
Definition
2. Substance that releases protons; proton donor.
Term
Base
Definition
2. Substance that accepts protons; proton acceptor.
Term
pH Scale
Definition
2. A shorthand system to track hydrogen ion concentration is substances; categorizes the acidity levels of substances.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
2. A simple sugar organic substance with a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.
Term
Lipid
Definition
2. An Organic Substance composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Term
Bond
Definition
2. A connection between atoms that form a compound.
Term
Electron
Definition
2. A negative charged particle that orbits an atom's nucleus.
Term
Alkaline
Definition
2. A solution with a pH value that is greater than 7.
Term
Acidic
Definition
2. A solution with a pH value that is less than 7.
Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
2. The study of organic molecules that are bonded by carbon
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
2. A weak attraction between polarized molecules or between polarized regions of the same molecule; weakest of all chemical bonds.
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
2. The genetic materials of cells that control protein synthesis; DNA and RNA.
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
2. Occurs when chemical bonds break or form.
Term
Protein
Definition
2. An organic substance composed of linked amino acid and molecules.
Term
Organic Compound
Definition
2. A carbon-containing compound.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
1. The ability of an organism to maintain relatively stable internal conditions while external conditions change.
Term
Feedback Mechanism
Definition
1. A circle of communication within your body that helps cells maintain homeostasis; often consist of a receptor, a control center, and an effector.
Term
Feedback loop
Definition
1. A circle of communication that returns to the beginning to verify that the correct result has been achieved.
Term
Variable
Definition
1. An attribute that changes in value as conditions change.
Term
Set point
Definition
1. The average or normal value a variables
Term
Homeostatic Mechanism
Definition
1. A mechanism that instigates changes to help the body maintain homeostasis.
Term
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Definition
1. A mechanism that responds to a homeostatic imbalance but results in changes that amplify and repeat.
Term
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Definition
1. A mechanism that responds to and corrects a homeostatic imbalance.
Term
Receptor
Definition
1. A structure that detects changes caused by a stimulus.
Term
Control Center
Definition
1. A structure that establishes a set point and determines a response when a change occurs.
Term
Effector
Definition
1. A structure that effects change in the body to maintain homeostasis.
Term
Cell
Definition
3.The smallest structural unit of life.
Term
Epithelial Cells
Definition
3. Thin, flattened, and tightly packed cells that replicate quickly and do not contain blood vessels.
Term
Lipid
Definition
3. An organic substance composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
3. The ability of an organism to maintain relativity stable internal conditions while external conditions change.
Term
Selective Permeability
Definition
3. The selective process the body uses to allow or refuse the entry of bodily fluid into and out of cells.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
3. The dense center of an atom; composed of protons and electrons.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
3. The fluid located between the nucleus and the surface membrane of a cell.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
3. The outer boundary of the cell through which the cell interacts with the external environment. Also known as mitosis.
Term
Cell Division
Definition
3. The process of a single cell splitting into two daughter cells, each with genetic material that is identical to the original cell.
Term
Organelle
Definition
3. A specialized portion of a cell that performs a specific function.
Term
ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Definition
3. A double-walled membrane network inside a cytoplasm.
Term
Ribosome
Definition
3. A small, round cytoplasmic organelle in which protein synthesis occurs.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
3. The second stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes align with the spindle fibers in the center of the cell.
Term
Leading Strand
Definition
3. A separated DNA molecule strand that forms as a continuous strand.
Term
Daughter Cell
Definition
3. One of the two identical cells that forms during mitosis.
Term
Cell Division
Definition
3. The process of a single cell splitting into two daughter cells, each with genetic material that is identical to original cell.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
3. An organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that contains various hydrolytic enzymes which function in the digestive process.
Term
Mitosis
Definition
3. The process in which a cell divides its nucleus into two daughter cells, each containing the same amount and type of DNA as the original nucleus.
Term
Kinase
Definition
3. Enzymes that add an inorganic phosphate group to another organic molecule.
Term
Telophase
Definition
3. The fourth stage of mitosis in which the migration of each set of chromosomes is complete.
Term
Cytoplasmic Division
Definition
3. DNA located at the tips of chromosomes.
Term
Prophase
Definition
3. The first stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
3. The ability of osmosis to generate enough hydrostatic pressure to lift a volume of water.
Term
Aquaporin
Definition
3. Channel proteins that enable water to move through plasma membranes.
Term
Solute
Definition
3. A solution that consists of one or more substances.
Term
Replication
Definition
3. The process by which two new strands of DNA are made using two existing strand.
Term
Cyclin
Definition
3. Enzymes that regulate the cell cycle by binding to a kinase.
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
3. Organic compounds with three principal components-nitrogenous base, monosaccharide, and one or more phosphate groups.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!