Term
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Definition
-Genetic disorders
-Chromosomal aberrations
-Teratogenically induced disorders
-Mechanically induced abnormalities |
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Term
| Normal velopharyngeal function |
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Definition
-closes off nasal cavity during speech
-important for pressure sensative sounds & normal resonance
-closure is accomplished by action of the velum, lateral pharyngeal walls, & posterior pharyngeal walls |
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Term
| Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) |
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Definition
-failure of the velum, the lateral pharyngeal walls, & posterior pharyngeal walls to achieve complete closure during oral tasks
-allows for leakage of air & sound energy into the nasal cavity during oral speech
-you can hear VPD during the sounds /s/ & /u/ |
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Term
| Causes od Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) |
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Definition
-Anatomical/structural defects (insufficiency): cleft palate, submucous cleft palate, short velum, deep pharynx, irregular adenoid, & enlarged tonsils
-physiological/functional defects (incompetence): poor muscle function, paralysis, neuromuscular disorders
-Other causes (mislearning): learned behaviors, convo disorder, stress-induced inadaquacy, hearing loss, abnormal posterior or nasal artic, phoneme-specific nasal air emission |
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Term
| Effects of VPD on Resonance & Artic |
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Definition
-hypernasality
-audible nasal air emission
-weak pressure consonants
-shorter utterance length
-compensatory artic errors |
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Term
| Assessment of speech disorders associated w/ VPD |
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Definition
-resonance (hyper/hyponasal, nsasal emission/turbulance, connected speech w/ oral, nasal, high & low pressure sounds)
-artic (place, manner, compensatory behaviors, single words & spontaneous speech) |
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Term
| Techniques for assessing VPD |
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Definition
-auditory detection (listening tubes, straws)
-tactile detection (feelings sides of nose for turbulance)
-visual detection (mirror for nasal emission)
*also monitor hearing acuity/middle ear infections |
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Term
| Assessment of the velopharyngeal mech |
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Definition
-nasometer
-aerodynamics
-fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope
-videofluoroscopy/lateral cephalographs |
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Term
| To improve artic movement w/ cleft palate/VPD |
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Definition
| -eliminate compensatory errors, improve velo function, & decrease perception of nasality (target voiceless sounds, use visual cues, van ripers, nasal occlusion) |
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Term
| Improve oral pressure/airflow, reduce nsal emissions, & increase oral resonance for cleft palate & vpd |
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Definition
-auditory feedback (listening tubes, straws, stethoscope)
-tactile feedback (feel nose)
-visual feedback (nasometer)
-increase artic effort (wider mouth opening, overartic, loudness)
-increase awareness of aiflow (negative pract & description of excersizes) |
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Term
| Culteral biases & prejudices |
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Definition
-be aware of them
-do not let them affect your clinical impressions & decisions |
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Term
| Examples of differing social customs & beliefs |
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Definition
| -views of disabilities, intervention, women, familial authority, individual achievement, names & titles, discomfort w/ questions, practices |
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Term
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Definition
| -understand a culture from an insiders perspective w/o interjecting personal judgements or biases |
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Term
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Definition
| -variations in grammatical form & phonologic rules that are adhered to by identifiable groups of people |
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Term
| six normal patterns of 2nd lang acquisition |
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Definition
-interference/transfer
-fossilization
-interlanguage
-silent period
-code switching
-lang loss |
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Term
| two levels of lang proficiency |
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Definition
1) BICS (basic interpersonal communication skills): 2 yrs
2) CALP (cognitive academic language proficiency) 5-7 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
-allows for evaluation of the client's behavior in a real-life setting
-assessment material can be tailored to reflect the client's culture |
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Term
| Planning & administering eval for cultural diverse clients (steps) |
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Definition
| -culturally appropriate assessment materials, test in dominant lang & english, collect multiple spch samples, use narrative assessment, focus on client's ability to learn, be prepared to modify, consult w/ other professionals, an interpreter, & be sensative when mtg w/ client & caregiver |
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Term
| indicators of a comm disorder |
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Definition
| -nonverbal lang are inappropriate, fails to express basic needs, fails to initiate verbal interaction, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| when working w/ an interpretor: briefing, interaction, debriefing |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of clinical practice that attempts to compensate (temp or perm) for the impairment & disability patterns of individuals w/ severe expressive comm dis |
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Term
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Definition
| supplement existing speech |
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Term
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Definition
| replaces speech that is not functional |
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Term
| AAC is an integrated group of 4 components |
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Definition
-symbols
-aids
-techniques
-strategies |
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Term
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Definition
-unaided: nonverbal (ASL)
-aided: comm boards that stand for what the individual wants to express |
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Term
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Definition
-PEAT
-Cue Cards
-iCommunicator (deaf, hearing impaired)
-My Tobii P10 (high level spinal injuries: uses eyes as a mouse)
-Eyemax
-Lightwriter (keyboard): laryngectomies, head injury |
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Term
| Determining the most appropriate AAC system |
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Definition
| -determine the client's proficiency in accessing the AAC system, the client's progress, & the client's desire & willingness to use the AAC |
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Term
| ASD can be diagnosed at what age |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -autism -asperger's -childhood disintegrative disorder -rett -pervasisve developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-comm impairment
-repetitive patterns of behavior
-delayed/abnormal functioning in one of the following: social interaction, lang in social comm, & symbolic play before age 3 |
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Term
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Definition
-high functioning autism
-normal lang & cog development
-normal adaptive behaviors
-impairment of social interaction
-repetitive patterns |
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Term
| childhood disintegrative disorder |
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Definition
| -noraml development for their first 2 years,. then lose their acquired skills |
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Term
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Definition
-more common in females
-normale dev first 5-48 months of age
-progressive deterioration: deceleration of head circumference, hand wringing, poor motor coord (walking) & speech/lang disorder |
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Term
| pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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Definition
| display behavior characteristics of ASD, but do not meet criteria for the disorders in the spectrum |
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Term
| characteristics of autism |
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Definition
-range in low to high functioning
-left hemi function difficulties
-not curious/explorative
-does not cope well with changes
-egocentric
-does not reciprocate affection
-hyersensative hearing, unusual sensory perceptions, diff rec faces
-normal gross motor
-fine motor delays
-repetive movements |
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Term
| suggestions for environmental manipulation (autism) |
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Definition
| -have a client assemble a basic puzzle, spin a top, and give to client, place a desirable object out of reach, "pretend" games, show people with different emotions & ask what the people are feeling |
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Term
| causes of abnormal resonance |
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Definition
| -structural abnormalities, an obstruction in one of the three cavities, VPD |
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Term
| hypernasality is due to... |
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Definition
-nasal cavity is not adaquately seperated from the oral cavity during speech (velopharyngeal incompetence)
-during vowels & consonants |
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Term
| nasal emission is hear during which consonants |
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Definition
| -pressure consonants (plosives, fricatives, affricates) & nasal consonants |
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Term
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Definition
-sounds like you are talking with a stuffy nose
-too little resonance on nasal & velar consonants
-usually due to a blockage in nasal cavity (enlarged adenoids)
-may be neuromuscular (improper timing of velum) |
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Term
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Definition
| when voiced sounds that precede or follow a nasal consonant are also nasalized |
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Term
| eval of resonance disorders |
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Definition
| connected speech sample- best |
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Term
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Definition
-hypernasality: sound is heard loudly (vowels or voiced plosives)
-nasal air emission: air heard loudly (oral consonants)
-hyponasality: not much sound heard on nasal consonants |
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Term
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Definition
-longest /s/ over longest /z/
-reduced durations: possible respitory insufficiency
-1:2 ratio or higher: laryngeal pathology |
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Term
| Templin Darly four sections |
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Definition
-diagnostic
-screening
-IOWA pressure artic test
-velopharyngeal mech (pressure consonants: p,b,d,s) |
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Term
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Definition
-counting 60-100
-mirror test
-speech ass
-artic ass
-oral mech
-nasometric
-nasophyngoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| -strokes, spinal cord injury, tbi, head & neck cancers, vocal fold paralysis, conditions of upper aerodigestive tract, prematurity, cleft lip/palate |
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Term
|
Definition
1) oral prep stage
2) oral phase
3) pharyngeal phase
4) esophageal phase |
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Term
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Definition
| -thin liqu, thick liqu, pureed foods, ground foods, chopped solids, regular solids |
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Term
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Definition
| food falls out of mouth, food is pushed out of mouth, struggle while chewing, unable to form bolus, pocketing food, residual food, excessive tongue movement, nasal regurgitation, cough, choke, wet voice |
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Term
| dysphagia swallowing tubes |
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Definition
| -chewy tubes, finger feeder, mini haberman feeder |
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Term
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Definition
| -drugs, head position, muscle strengthening exercises, new ways to cook food, thermal stimulation, neuromuscular electrical stim |
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Term
| steps in assessment (laryngect..) |
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Definition
-case review
-preoperative assess. (set goals & inform)
-postop assess. (discuss comm options)
-onging assess.(dynamic) |
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Term
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Definition
-a standardized procedure for measuring sensativity/memory/intelligence/aptitude/personality
-construction of instruments & procedures for measurement
-development/refinement of theoretical approaches to measurement |
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Term
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Definition
-equal to requirement
-validity & reliability determine adaquacy |
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Term
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Definition
| -tests what it is supposed to test (the purpose for which the test is used) |
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Term
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Definition
| -does it measure what it is intended to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| -does it measure what it is intended to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| the test must be comprised of appropriate items |
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Term
| criterion related validity |
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Definition
-concurrent: how does the test measure up to another test that is measuring the same thing
-predictive: can the score estimate future preformance |
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Term
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Definition
| stars: split-half, test-retest, alternate form, rater (intra & inter) |
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Term
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Definition
-developed by giving items to a large sample that is representative of the intended pop
-probs: wrong test used, reliability, & clinician expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| -compares an indvidual's score to an agreed set criteria or standard |
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Term
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Definition
-most frequently used central tendency on formal tests
-most assessments use 100 |
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Term
|
Definition
standard score: 100
percentile: 50
z score: 0 (corresponds to st. dev)
t score: 50
stanine: 4.5 |
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Term
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Definition
| -numerical index describing the dispersion of set scores around the mean of distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| there will be a tendancy for most of the scores to fall around an avg value, while some scores will be scattered toward very high or very low values |
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Term
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Definition
| have been suggested to be the least useful... lead to misinterpretations |
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Term
| standard error of measurement |
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Definition
| an estimat eof error (the standard deviation that would be obtained if the person took the same test many times) |
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Term
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Definition
| a range of scores that has a high probability of including the examinee's true score (the person's true score can be found 68, 90, 95% of the time, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| accurately identify a disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| people who are normal, fail |
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Term
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Definition
| people who have a disorder, pass |
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Term
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Definition
| people who do not have a disorder, pass |
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Term
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Definition
true positive/(true positive + false neg)
i.e. people who were found to have a disorder, over those & those who do have a disorder but passed
-the % of ppl w/ the disorder that failed |
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Term
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Definition
true neg/ (false pos + true neg)
the percentage of normal people who passed |
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Term
| a good test manual shoud include |
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Definition
-info to guide clinicianss w/ interpreting the scores
-a cutoff score
-should be able to discriminate b/w normal & those who have disorders
-measures of sensativity & specificity (should be above 90%) |
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Term
| do not use standardized tests or norm ref'd tests for treatment objectives or to measure treatment progress |
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Definition
-they were not designed for that
-you may teach to the test
-tests are created w/ time & length in mind
-a correct answer does not mean mastery and a wrong answer does not mean lack of ability |
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