Term
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Definition
These genes stop the cells from multiplying
the function is normally to suppress cell proliferation and invasion |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer that will always metastasize to other parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell to extracellular matrix adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
| increase motility of epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| take small amounts of tissue from area to determine if it is a tumor, cyst, etc |
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Term
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Definition
TMNF classification (post-surgical)
T-tumor size-T1,T2,T3,T4
N-lymph nodes- N0,N1,N2,N3
M-metastasis-M0,M1 |
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Term
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Definition
degree of differentiation
I,II,III,IV
IV-completely undifferentiated |
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Term
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Definition
to remove a mass
to relieve an obstructions or pressure
usually used when well-localized |
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Term
| Endocrine Related Treatment |
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Definition
estrogen will increase the risk for breast cancer cells
tamaxifen blocks the receptor for estrogen (doesnt work w/everyone) |
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Term
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Definition
cancer vaccine
monoclonal antibodies(recognize the same antigens)
new technique that is being researched |
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Term
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Definition
chemical causes damage to the DNA
this damage becomes a mutation
it is irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
| promote the mutated cell to proliferate, which leads to cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| genes that transform normal cells into cancerous cells |
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Term
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Definition
viral oncogenes (v-onc)
from outside the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular oncogenes (c-onc) |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal genes from which the c-oncs are derived (p-oncs) |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
single base nucleotide change
p-onc to c-onc
when nucleotide sequence is out of sync |
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Term
| Chromosomal Translocation |
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Definition
transfer part of the chromosome to another
p-onc to c-onc
Philadelphia Chromosome #22 |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosome #22
children in Philly had chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| increased number of copies |
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Term
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Definition
doesnt spreadt to other tissues
localized
usually remains benign
slow growing |
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Term
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Definition
spreads to other tissues and organs
undergoes metastasis
will grow and divide |
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Term
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Definition
an increase in cell size
*not a tumor |
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Term
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Definition
an increase in cell numbers
*not a tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor cells are not dependent on growth factor |
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Term
| Density Dependent Inhibition |
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Definition
tumor cells do not stop proliferation at much higher densities
normal cells keep multiplying |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor cells are able to grow without attachment to a substratum |
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Term
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Definition
| neoplastic cells are less adhesive than normal cells and less firmly attached to neighboring cells |
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Term
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Definition
most common tumor in humans (MOLES)
may become rough,bleeding,grow, change color or shape (See Physician) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Well Differentiated Cells |
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Definition
| cells resemble normal cells, both morphologically and functionally |
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Term
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Definition
| cell does not resemble normal cells |
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Term
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Definition
benign tumor that becomes fatal
tumor starts growing in the skull, forces pressure on the brain, pressure has nowhere to go |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumor of epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumor of connective tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the blood cells |
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Term
| What causes cancer (tumors)? |
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Definition
1- environmental agents (eat,drink,smoke)
2- genetics
3- by chance |
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Term
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Definition
| directly causing alternation in DNA which then leads to cancer |
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Term
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Definition
do not directly cause cancer
they must be metabolized first before they bind to DNA and cause damage |
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Term
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Definition
| blood formation that occurs in the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| have the ability to make any type of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| monoctyes, red blood cells, megakaryoblasts, granulocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of Neoplasia on the Host |
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Definition
1-Physical Presence 2-Hormal Effects
3-Blood Loss (anemia) 4-Cachexia
5-High Level of Abnormal Blood Protein
6-Pain 7- Fatigue
8-Infection |
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Term
| Benign Tumors that are Malignant |
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Definition
1-Mesothelioma
2-Melanoma (skin cancer)
3-Lymphoma (lymph nodes)
4-Hepatoma (liver cancer)
5-Seminoma(testicular cancer)-bicycling increases risk |
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Term
| Factors Affecting Neoplasmic Cells |
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Definition
neoplastic cells are no longer responsive to controlling mechanisms
1-Growth Factor Dependency
2-Density Dependent Inhibition
3-Anchorage Dependence
4-Adhesiveness |
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Term
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Definition
new(abnormal) growth, may be benign or malignant
-new growth -unrestrained
-uncoordinate -unlimited
-destructive influence upon host tissue |
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Term
| Neoplastic Transformation |
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Definition
an irreversible intracellular change that is of heritable nature that can occur in any type of cells
-once neoplastic, cannot go back
-irreversible |
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