Term
DRUG NAME: Vasotec Generic name: Enalapril or Enalaprilat Drug Category: Anti-hypertensives, A.C.E. (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors Drug Action: lowers blood pressure, decrease in signs and |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, cough, hypotension,diarrhea, rashes Contraindications: in hypersensitivity cross sensitivity may occur in A.C.E. inhibitors.Pregnancy. Angioedema Interactions:Exsessive hypotension may occur with concurrent use of diuretics and nitrate. Hyperkalemia may result from concurrent use of potassium supplments. Nursing Implication: Monitor BP,pulse, weight, edema, WBC,BUN,creatine Teaching: take at the same time each day even if you're feeling well Don't discontinue without M.D.'s order Avoid salty foods Don't drive or operate a vehicle while taking this medication May cause taste impairment,which resolves in 8-12 wks Notify M.D. if rash,chest pain, or fever occur |
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Adverse effects: hangover,depression, drowsiness,diarrhea,nausea Contraindications: in hypersensitivity. Pre-exsisting CNS depression, uncontrolled severe pain Interactions: additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants decreases other drugs & effectiveness Nursing implications: Monitor respiratory status,pulse,BP watch for psychological or physical dependence Monitor siezures & sedation level Teaching: Take exactly as directed causes drowsiness, don't drive or operate a vehicle don't take with alcohol notify M.D. if fever, nose bleeds, or sore throat occurs |
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Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting Contraindications:hypersensitivity Interactions: Probenecid & Sulfinpyrazone prevent high urinary concentrations; decease effectiveness; increases risk of hepatotoxicity with hepatoxic drugs nursing implications: assess signs & symptoms of UTI obtain cultures before and during drug use monitor I&O Teaching: take medication around clock as directed causes drowsiness & dizziness;avoid driving or operating machinary causes rust-yellow to brown discolored urine notify M.D. if fever, chills, cough, or rash occur |
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Drug name: Amoxicillin Generic: Trimox or Amoxil Drug category: Anti-infectives, anti-ulcer agents, aminopenicillin Action: resolves sign & symptoms of infections Indications: treatment of< |
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Definition
Adverse effects: siezures, diarrhea, rashes, vomiting Contraindications: hypersensitivity to penicillin; avoid patients with phenylkenuria Interactions: decreases renal excretion, increases blood levels of amoxicillin, increases effect of warafarin Implications: asses PT for infection, check V/S, appearance of wound, sputum, urine, stool, WBC 2 begining & through out drug use, obtain specimen of culture & sensitivity before therapy, causes increase serum alkaline,LDH,AST Teaching: Sharing medications is dangerous Take medication as directed even when you're feeling better tell female PT it will decrease the effectiveness of PO contreceptives notify M.D. if signs of superinfection occur (furry overgrowth) |
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HIGH ALERT Drug name: Digoxin Generic: Digitek, Lanoxin Category: Anti-arrhtymics, Intropics, digitalis glycosides Action:Decrease severity of CHF, Ventricular response< |
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Definition
Adverse Effects:Fatigue,bradycardia,headache,weakness,nausea,vomiting Contraindications: hypersensitivity in AV block, uncontrolled vantricular arrhythmias Interactions: Licorice & aloe may increases the risk of potassium depletion, high fiber meals decrease absorption, excessive uses of laxitives may cause hypokalemia which increases rick of toxicity Nursing Implications: monitor pulse for 1 minute prior to administering, withhold if rate is-- less than 60 (<60) in adult less than 70(<70) in child less than 90(<90) in an infant Monitor BP with IV PT Monitor EEG throught IV administration Monitor I&O Serum Digoxin level range is 0.5-2ng/ml teaching:show PT how to take pulse & tell them to notify M.D. before taking medication if pulse rate is <60 or >100 Take as directed Review signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity and call M.D. immediately if symptoms of CHF occur Do Not share, sharing is dangerous |
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Drug name: Lasix Generic: Furosemide Category: diuretics, loop diuretics Action: decrease edema, abdominal girth, increase urinary output, decrease BP Indication: edema due to CHF, hepatic or r |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Dizziness, headache,insomnia, dehydration, hypomagnesia contraindication: Hypersensitivity, Pre-exsisting electrolyte imbalance, hypatic coma Interactions: May increase the effectiveness of warafarin,thrombolytic agents, or anti-coagulants. Increases hypotension with anti-hypertensives,nitrates, or acute ingestion of alcohol Nursing Implications: assess fluid status during therapy, monitor daily weight,I&O ratio,amount and location of edema, lung sounds, skin turgor, and mucous membranes Teaching: Take medication as directed Make position changes slowly to prevent light headedness Consult M.D. regarding a diet increase in potassium *Don't change brands when taking furosemide *Diabetics should closely monitor blood sugar level because of increase in blood sugar while on this medication.
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Drug name: Ativan Generic: Lorazepam Category: Anesthetic, adjunts, anti-anxiety agent, sedative/hypnotic,benzodiazepines Action: Increases sense of well being, decreases in subjective feelings of anxiety w |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, blurred vision Contraindications: Hypersensitivity.Uncontrolled severe pain, narrow angle glaucoma Interactions:Increases CNS depression with other CNS depressants including,but not limited to, alcohol,antihitamines,antidepressants.Smoking may increase metabolism and decrease effectiveness Nursing Implications: Anxiety: Assess degree of anxiety throught therapy long periods of medications can lead to pyschological or physical dependence Restrict amount available to PT Teachings: Take as directed If med is less effective cal M.D., DO NOT increase dose or stop; Abrupt withdrawl can cause tremors,nausea,abdominal and muscle cramps/ pain,vomiting Causes dizziness, avoid driving or operating vehicle when taking this medication Schedule Follow-ups Call M.D. if Pregnant |
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Drug name: Tylenol Generic: Acetaminophin Category: antipyretics, nonopioid analgesics action: relief of mild pain, reduction of fever Indications: mild pain, fever Routes/Dosages: |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Liver damage from OD, Liver failure, renal failure(high dose or chronic use), hepatotoxicity Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to alcohol,asparation,sugar.Avoid PT with hypersensitivity intolerance Interactions: Caoncurrent with barbituates, Phenytoin,Rifampin may cause the risk of liver damage.Chronic increase dose of acetaminophen (>2g.day) may increase risk of bleeding with warafarin. Nursing Implications: Assess overall health and alcohol use Assess amount,frequency,type of drugs taken by PT who are self medicating;increases risk of renal effects. Pain: assess type/location/intesity before and 30-60minutes after medication is given Fever: Assess feer and note presence of associated signs Toxicity & OD: Acetadote is the antidote Teachings: Take as directed *Chronic excessive use of >4g/day or 3g in alcoholics may lead to hepatoxicity or renal,or cardiac damage* Avoid alcohol * for children,parents or gaurgiands should check concentration of liquid preperations-errors have resulted in serious liver damage* |
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Drug name: valium Generic: Diazepam Category: Anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,sedative/hypnotic,muscle relaxant Action: Decrease level of anxiety after 1-2 weeks of therapy |
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Definition
Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy Contraindications:Hypersensitivity. Comatose PT, pre-exsisting CNS depression.Uncontrolled severe pain. Interactions: Alcohol,anti-depressants,antihistamine,opioid analgesics.Concurrents use in additive CNS depression Nursing implications: Monitor BP,Pulse, Respiratory rate before and during use Assess IV site frequently Prolonged use may lead to psychological or physical dependence Anxiety: assess degree and level of sedation before and through out use Siezures: record intesity/duration/location. Will control siezure after 15-20min after does Muscle Spasm: Assess spasm associated with pain and limitation of movement before and through out use f med. Alcohol witdrawl:Assess PT experienceing withdrawl for tremors,agitation,delirium. and hallucinations Teachings: Take as directed Dont operate or drive and machinary or vehicles when taking Dont take with alcohol *Siezure PT should carry ID bracelet with disease and med. regime at ALL times!!* * very important to follow up with M.D. to determine effectiveness* |
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Drug name: Inderal Generic: Propranolol Category: Beta-Blockers,anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmias,asnti-hypertensives Action: decreases BP, Controls Arrhythmias without appearance of detrimental side effects, |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Fatigue, weakness,impotence, constipation, diarrhea, memory loss Contraindications:Uncompensated CHF,Pulmonary edema, cardio shock, severe hepatic impairment, asthma Interactions: General anesthetics, IV Phenyton & Verapamic may increase myocardial depression. Increase bradycardia may occur with digoxin, may alter effect of insulin nursing Implications: Monitor BP & pulse frequently during close adjustment & during therapy Continuous ECG monitoring and may have pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or central venous pressure Monitor for several hours after administration Monitor I&O and daily weight loss Assess for PT fluid overload Toxicity & OD: Monitor PT recieving beta-adrenergic blocking agents for signs of OD Teaching: Take as directed Dont skip dose or double missed dose Make sure there is enough medication for holidays/vacations Show PT & family how to check BP and pulse Dont drive or operate machinary while taking this medication Diabetics should closely monitor blood sugar,especially if weakness,irretabilty, or fatigue occurs |
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Drug name: Colace Generic: Ducosate sodium Category: Laxitive Action: soft formed BM within 24-48 hours Indications: Prevention of constipation in PT who should avoid straining, such as MI or r |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Throat irritation,cramps,rashes Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting Interactions: none significant Nursing Implications: Assess BM color, consistency, and amount produced Assess abdominal distension, presence od bowel sounds, usual pattern of bowel functions Teachings: Use short-term Use other forms of bowel regulations like diet, fluid intake, and activity cardiac PT should avoid straining during BM Dont take with other laxatives Dont use if experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever |
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Term
HIGH ALERT Drug name: KCL Elixir Generic: Potassium Chloride Category: mineral & electrolyte replacements & supplements Action: Prevention & correction of serum potassium depletion, |
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Definition
Adverse effects: Confussion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting Contraindications: Hyperkalemia, severe real impairment, severe tissue trauma Interactions: Use with Potassium sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors. Anti-cholinergics may increase GI mucosal lesions in PT taking wax-matrix potassium chloride preperations Nursing Implications: Assess signs signs and symptoms of hypokalemia Mointor BP,pulse, ECG periodically during therapy Toxicity&OD: symptoms are that of hypokalemia (slow irregular heart beat,muscle weakness, fatigue) Teachings: Need to take as directed some extended-release tabs are contained in a wax-matrix that may be expelled in stool- occurence not significant avoid salt substitutes or low-salt milk food unless approved by M.D. Report to M.D. if stool is dark, tarry, bloody, or if unusual fatigue or tingling of extremities occur |
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