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Med Soc Definitions
Diseases and their symptoms, common meds
134
Medical
Professional
01/24/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 Chagas Disease

Definition
 It is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors that are found only in the Americas (mainly, in rural areas of Latin America where poverty is widespread). Chagas disease (T. cruzi infection) is also referred to as American trypanosomiasis
Term

 

Malaria

Definition
........ is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite. People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Left untreated, they may develop severe complications and die.
Term

 

SARS

 

Definition
Symptoms of ...... include fever, lethargy, GI symptoms, cough and sore throat.
Term

 

WNV

West Nile Virus

Definition
............. : Found in both tropical and temperate environments; typical spread through mosquito bites; 90% of infected humans have no symptoms, others may develop .... Fever or ...... Meningitis or even encephalitis. ....... Fever includes; fever, h/a, b/a, mild rash, swollen lymph glands.
Term

 

Smallpox

Definition
Infectious disease caused by Variola major or Variola minor; localizes in small blood vessels of the skin, mouth and throat. Occurences on the skin result in a rash and are followed by fluid filled blisters.
Term
Zocyn
Definition
........is used to treat many different infections caused by bacteria, such as urinary tract infections, bone and joint infections, severe vaginal infections, stomach infections, skin infections, and pneumonia.
Term

Vancomycin

(vanc)

Definition

........ is an antibiotic. It is used to fight susceptible bacteria in the body that cause serious infections.

Vancomycin is used to treat infections of the intestines that cause colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).

Term

Penicillin

(pcn)

Definition

......... works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall while it is growing, weakening the wall and killing the bacteria.

...........is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections.

Term

Methicillin

 

Definition

is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class.

It was previously used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria

Term

Ampicillin

(ap)

Definition

is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections.

It was previously used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria

 

Term
Amoxycillin
Definition
 is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics. It is also a treatment for cystic acne.
Term

Cephalosporin

 

 

Definition
Any of various broad-spectrum antibiotics, closely related to the penicillins, that were originally derived from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium.
Term
Tetracycline
Definition

.............. is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.

............ is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, acne, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and others.

Term
Erythromycin
Definition

............. is in a group of drugs called macrolide antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics slow the growth of, or sometimes kill, sensitive bacteria by reducing the production of important proteins needed by the bacteria to survive

............. is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. It is also used to prevent bacterial endocarditis and attacks of rheumatic fever.

Term
Streptomycin
Definition

 is an antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis.

This drug cannot be given orally, and must be given via intramuscular injections.

Term
Cefazolin
Definition

............ is mainly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin. It can also be used to treat moderately severe bacterial infections involving the lung, bone, joint, stomach, blood, heart valve, and urinary tract. It is clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci of Gram-positive bacteria.

The drug is usually administrated by either intramuscular injection (injection into a large muscle) or intravenous infusion (intravenous fluid into a vein).

Term
Cefapime
Definition
is usually reserved to treat moderate-severe nosocomial pneumonia, infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms
Term

Levofloxacin

(levaquin)

Definition
is used to treat severe or life-threatening bacterial infections or bacterial infections that have failed to respond to other antibiotic classes
Term
Doxycycline
Definition
is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, acne, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, periodontitis (gum disease), and others. .............. is also used to treat blemishes, bumps, and acne-like lesions caused by rosacea. It will not treat facial redness caused by rosacea. ............. may be used in combination with other medicines to treat certain amoeba infections.
Term
Azithromycin
Definition
 is effective against susceptible bacteria causing otitis media (infection of the middle ear), tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis. It also is effective against several sexually transmitted infectious diseases such as nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis
Term
Gentamicin
Definition
is a powerful antibiotic delivered intravenously to patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and home healthcare settings to combat severe infections.
Term
Neomycin
Definition
is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eyedrops. It is commonly found in neosporin.
Term
Tobramycin
Definition
This medicine is available as an injection, an eye ointment, an eye solution, and a solution for inhalation. It works by killing bacteria.
Term
Rocephin
Definition
is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms such as meningitis
Term
Flagyl
Definition

is an oral antiprotozoal and antibacterial antibiotic. It fights infections caused by bacteria or amoeba in your body.

....... is used to treat bacterial or amoebic infections of the vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. It will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.

Term
Primaxin
Definition
 is a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic containing equal quantities of imipenem and cilastatin
Term
Piperacillin
Definition

................. is not absorbed orally, and must therefore be given by intravenous or intramuscular injection;

Its main uses are in intensive care medicine (pneumonia, peritonitis), some diabetes-related foot infections and empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia (e.g. after chemotherapy).

Term
Bactrim
Definition

contains a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and is supplied in tablets and a liquid suspension. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are both antibiotics that treat different types of infection caused by bacteria.

....... is used to treat ear infections, urinary tract infections, bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Term
Doripenem
Definition

A carbapenem - It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections

It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.

Term
Clindamycin
Definition
 is a lincosamide antibiotic. It is usually used to treat infections with anaerobic bacteria but can also be used to treat some protozoal diseases, such as malaria. It is a common topical treatment for acne and can be useful against some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.[1]
Term
Prednisone
Definition
is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug. It is used to treat certain inflammatory diseases and (at higher doses) some types of cancer, but has significant adverse effects. Because it suppresses the immune system, it leaves patients more susceptible to infections.
Term

Salmeterol

(serevent)

Definition
is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist drug that is currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Term

methylprednisolone

(Solumedrol)

 

Definition

Like most adrenocortical steroids, ............... is typically used for its anti-inflammatory effects

 Common uses include arthritis therapy and short-term treatment of bronchial inflammation or acute bronchitis due to various respiratory diseases. It is used both in the treatment of acute periods and long-term management of autoimmune diseases, most notably Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Term
Albuterol
Definition

............. is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs.

............. is used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people with reversible obstructive airway disease.

 ........... is also used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Term
Advair
Definition

............ contains fluticasone and salmeterol. Fluticasone is a steroid. 

It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Salmeterol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing.

......... is used to prevent asthma attacks. It is also used to prevent flare-ups or worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.

Term

Fluticasone

(flonase)

Definition

is a steroid. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.

............ inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks. It will not treat an asthma attack that has already begun.

Term
Combivent
Definition

contains a combination of albuterol and ipratropium. Albuterol and ipratropium are bronchodilators that relax muscles in the airways and increase air flow to the lungs.

.................. is used to prevent bronchospasm in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Term
Emphysema
Definition
 is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath.
Term
Tuberculosis
Definition

 ......... is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.

........... usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have the disease cough, sneeze, or spit.

Term

Chronic Obstructive

Pulmonary Disease

(COPD)

Definition

 is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.

can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms

Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
 is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleura, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during respiration.
Term
Pulmonary Infiltrate
Definition
 is the filling of airspaces with fluid (pulmonary oedema), inflammatory exudates (white cells or pus, protein and immunological substances), or cells (malignant cells, red cells or haemorrhage) that fill a region of lung and increase the visual impression of increased soft tissue density
Term

Rubeola

(measles)

Definition
 is an infection of the respiratory system caused by a virus, specifically a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus
Term
Asbestosis
Definition
is a chronic inflammatory and fibrotic medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs caused by the inhalation and retention of asbestos fibers. It usually occurs after high intensity and/or long-term exposure to asbestos (particularly in those individuals working on the production or end-use of products containing asbestos) and is therefore regarded as an occupational lung disease
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
......... is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints
Term

Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus

(lupus)

Definition

.......... is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.

It most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.

Term
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Definition
is a vasculitis of medium-sized arteries, which become swollen and damaged from attack by rogue immune cells
Term
Sarcoidosis
Definition

, is a disease in which abnormal collections of chronic inflammatory cells (granulomas) form as nodules in multiple organs.

Granulomas most often appear in the lungs or the lymph nodes, but virtually any organ can be affected.

Term
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Definition
a form of Spondyloarthritis, is a chronic, inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease.[1][2] It mainly affects joints in the spine and the sacroilium in the pelvis, and can cause eventual fusion of the spine.
Term
Scleroderma
Definition

 is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis (or hardening), vascular alterations, and autoantibodies. There are two major forms:

Diffused and limited

Term
Alzheimers
Definition
is a brain disease that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks.
Term
Poliomyelitis
Definition
infantile paralysis, is an acute viral infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
...... is an acute inflammation of the brain.  When combined with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue. More advanced and serious symptoms include seizures or convulsions, tremors, hallucinations, and memory problems.
Term

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

(CJD)

Definition
is a degenerative neurological disorder (brain disease) that is incurable and invariably fatal. It is the most common among the types of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found in humans
Term

Multiple Sclerosis

(ms)

Definition
is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms.
Term

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(ALS or Lou Gehrig Disease)

Definition
 is a form of motor neuron disease.  It is a progressive,[1] fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement
Term
Parkinsons Disease
Definition
 is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that impairs motor skills, cognitive processes, and other functions. The most obvious symptoms are motor-related, including tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability. Among non-motor symptoms are autonomic dysfunction and sensory and sleep difficulties. Cognitive and behavioral problems, including dementia, are common in the advanced stages of the disease
Term

Intracranial Hemorrhage

(ICH/ ICB)

Definition
occurs when a blood vessel within the skull is ruptured or leaks. It can result from physical trauma (as occurs in head injury) or nontraumatic causes (as occurs in hemorrhagic stroke) such as a ruptured aneurysm
Term
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Definition
 is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. This may occur spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, or may result from head injury.
Term
Guillian Barre' Syndrome
Definition
is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It is usually triggered by an acute infectious process.
Term

Seizure Disorder

(epilepsy)

Definition
 is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally. Neurons normally generate electrochemical impulses that act on other neurons, glands, and muscles to produce human thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Term
Meningitis
Definition

................ is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs. It can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord

Term
Dura Mater
Definition
 is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
.......... is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture.
Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition
simply means an infection of the bone or bone marrow
Term

Osteoarthritis

(DJD)

(degenerative joint disease)

Definition
 is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints,  including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion
Term
Rickets
Definition
......... is a softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also be a contributing factor.
Term
Muscular Dystrophy
Definition

 refers to a group of hereditary muscle diseases that weaken the muscles that move the human body.

It is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue

Term
Marfan's Syndrome
Definition

is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.

It is sometimes inherited as a dominant trait. It is carried by a gene called FBN1, which encodes a connective protein called fibrillin-1. People have a pair of FBN1 genes. Because it is dominant, people who have inherited one affected FBN1 gene from either parent will have this syndrome. This syndrome can run from mild to severe.

Term
Paget's Disease
Definition
 is a chronic condition of bone characterized by disorder of the normal bone remodeling process. Normal bone has a balance of forces that act to lay down new bone and take up old bone. This relationship (referred to as "bone remodeling") is essential for maintaining the normal calcium levels in our blood. In bone affected by this disease, the bone remodeling is disturbed and not synchronized. As a result, the bone that is formed is abnormal, enlarged, not as dense, brittle, and prone to breakage
Term
Gout
Definition
is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis—a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is the most commonly affected. However, it may also present as tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy. It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood which crystallize and are deposited in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues.
Term

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

(GERD)

Definition
is chronic symptoms or mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus.[1] A typical symptom is heartburn.
Term
Leprosy
Definition
A chronic, mildly contagious granulomatous disease of tropical and subtropical regions, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by ulcers of the skin, bone, and viscera and leading to loss of sensation, paralysis, gangrene, and deformation.
Term
Eczema
Definition
 is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the epidermis
Term
Dermatitis
Definition
is inflammation of the upper layers of the skin, causing itching, blisters, redness, swelling, and often oozing, scabbing, and scaling
Term
Psoriasis
Definition
is a chronic autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. It is not contagious. There are five types : plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular and erythrodermic. The most common form, plaque, is commonly seen as red and white hues of scaly patches appearing on the top first layer of the epidermis
Term
Syphilis
Definition
is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacteria Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The primary route of transmission is through sexual contact however it may also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or at birth resulting in congenital
Term
Gonorrhea
Definition

is a common sexually transmitted infection.

 The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge. Women, on the other hand, are asymptomatic half the time or have vaginal discharge and pelvic pain. In both men and women if it is left untreated, it may spread locally causing epididymitis or pelvic inflammatory disease or throughout the body, affecting joints and heart valves

Term
Genital Herpes
Definition
 is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Most disease are caused by HSV-2. Most individuals have no or only minimal signs or symptoms from HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection. When signs do occur, they typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum
Term

Venereal Warts

(HPV)

Definition
 is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease. It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner.
Term
Viral Hepatitis
Definition
 is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. It may present in acute (recent infection, relatively rapid onset) or chronic forms. The most common causes are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E. In addition to the hepatitis viruses, other viruses that can also cause it include Herpes simplex, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or Yellow fever
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently impacting vision in the affected eye(s) and progressing to complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye
Term
Cataracts
Definition
 is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light
Term
Laser Surgery
Definition
 is used to correct near- and far-sightedness in vision, and photorefractive keratectomy, a procedure which permanently reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser to remove a small amount of tissue.
Term
Radial Keratotomy
Definition
 involves making tiny cuts in the cornea, which flatten it and reduce nearsightedness. In people who have both astigmatism and nearsightedness, the surgeon may make additional cuts to flatten the misshapen part of the cornea that is causing the astigmatism.
Term

Congestive Heart Failure

(CHF)

Definition
A condition marked by weakness, edema, and shortness of breath that is caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation in the peripheral tissues and the lungs
Term

Coronary Artery Disease

(CAD)

Definition

 is a condition in which plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply your heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood.

Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol (ko-LES-ter-ol), calcium, and other substances found in the blood. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis

Term
Cardiomegaly
Definition
is a condition wherein the heart enlarges in a cardiothoracic ratio of more than 0.50.
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
 is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel
Term

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

(AAA)

Definition
 is a localized dilatation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by more than 50 percent,
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
 is a serious disease in which the heart muscle becomes inflamed and doesn't work as well as it should. There may be multiple causes including viral infections.
There are three types:  dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive.
Term

Myocardial Infarction

(MI)

Definition
commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die.
Term

Hypertension

(HTN)

Definition
 is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated
Term

Pulmonary Embolism

(PE)

Definition
 is a blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
 is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves (native or prosthetic valves). Other structures which may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or even on intracardiac devices
Term
Leukemia
Definition
 is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells
Term
Lymphoma
Definition
 is a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Typically, lymphomas present as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells
Term
Melanoma
Definition
 is a malignant tumor of melanocytes. Melanocytes are cells that produce the dark pigment, melanin, which is responsible for the color of skin. They predominantly occur in skin, but are also found in other parts of the body, including the bowel and the eye
Term
Benign
Definition
lacks the ability to metastasize, such as moles and uterine fibroids.
Term
Malignant
Definition
is the tendency of a medical condition, especially tumors, to become progressively worse and to potentially result in death, having the ability to metastisis
Term
Multiple Myeloma
Definition
A malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow causing numerous tumors and characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood.
Term
Neurofibromatosis
Definition
..... is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors that may be benign or may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues.
Term
Sarcoma
Definition
 is a cancer that arises from transformed connective tissue cells
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
 is a medical term that refers to an invasive malignant tumor consisting of transformed epithelial cells
Term
Metastasis
Definition
is the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part
Term

End Stage Renal Disease

(ESRD)

Definition
 is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening kidney function are unspecific, and might include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite
Term
Hemodialysis
Definition
 is a method for removing waste products such as creatinine and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure.
Term
Peritoneal Dialysis
Definition
 is a treatment for patients with severe chronic kidney disease. The process uses the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances (electrolytes, urea, glucose, albumin and other small molecules) are exchanged from the blood. Fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out either every night while the patient sleeps
Term

Liver Disease

(hepatitis, cirrhosis)

Definition
is a broad term describing any single number of diseases affecting the liver. Many are accompanied by jaundice caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the system. The bilirubin results from the breakup of the hemoglobin of dead red blood cells; normally, the liver removes bilirubin from the blood and excretes it through bile.
Term
Cirrhosis
Definition
 is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules  leading to loss of liver function. It is most commonly caused by alcoholism, hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease, but has many other possible causes. Some cases are idiopathic, i.e., of unknown cause.
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
 is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation, which is used to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is broken
Term

Mononucleosis

(kissing disease)

Definition
 It is an infectious, widespread viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one type of herpes virus, to which more than 90% of adults have been exposed
Term
Sickle Cell Disease
Definition
 is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with this disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin* S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red blood cells become crescent shaped and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels.
Term
Decubitus
Definition
 are lesions caused by many factors such as: unrelieved pressure; friction; humidity; shearing forces; temperature; age; continence and medication; to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas such as sacrum, elbows, knees, and ankles. Although easily prevented and completely treatable if found early, bedsores are often fatal – even under the auspices of medical care
Term
Gangrene
Definition
is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies (necrosis). This may occur after an injury or infection, or in people suffering from any chronic health problem affecting blood circulation
Term
Gaucher's Disease
Definition
 is a genetic disease in which a fatty substance (lipid) accumulates in cells and certain organs
Term
Hanta Virus
Definition
 is a deadly disease from rodents. Humans can contract the disease when they come into contact with infected rodents or their urine and droppings
Term
Lyme Disease
Definition
The most common tick-borne disease. It is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia
Term
Niemann Pick Disease
Definition

 refers to a group of fatal inherited metabolic disorders that are included in the larger family of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs)

 Enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly) may cause reduced appetite, abdominal distension and pain as well as thrombocytopenia secondary to splenomegaly.

Term
Peritonitis
Definition
 is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that lines part of the abdominal cavity and viscera. The inflammation can be localised or generalised and may result from infection.
Term
Rabies
Definition
 is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic (transmitted by animals) and most commonly occurs when an infected animal bites a non infected one.
Term
Systemic Mycosis
Definition
a  fungal infection that involves more than one body system or area.
Term
Tetanus
Definition

is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers.

 Infection generally occurs through wound contamination and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. can travel to jaw leading to lockjaw (trismus)

Term
Human Pituitary Derived Growth Hormone
Definition
contains 191 amino acids. HGH is released by the anterior pituitary gland and is necessary for normal skeletal growth in humans.  Too much HGH can lead to gigantism.
Term
Sepsis
Definition
is a potentially serious medical condition that is characterized by a whole-body inflammatory state (called a systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS) and the presence of a known or suspected infection
Term

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

(MRSA)

Definition
is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
Term

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus

(VRE)

Definition
are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin
Term

Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

(VRSA)

Definition

 is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. With the increase of staphylococcal resistance to methicillin, vancomycin (or another antibiotic teicoplanin) is often a treatment of choice in infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Term

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis

(MRSE)

Definition
 is a bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans. Like MRSA which is a resistant variation of the common bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, it is a resistant variation of the common bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis
Term
Clostridium Difficile
Definition
is a species of Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Clostridium that causes diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics.
Term
Yeast
Definition
are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, most reproduce a-sexually by budding.
Term
Pseudomonas
Definition
is a genus of gamma proteobacteria
Term
Bacillus
Definition
 is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
is the collapse of the airspaces which also results in the visual impression of increased soft tissue density. This makes it impossible to distinguish infiltrates from atelectasis on the basis of visual density alone.
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