Term
| What condition is described as excessive iron overloading of tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of trait is hereditary hemochromatosis? Which gene controls the level of iron absorption? On which chromosome is this gene located? |
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Definition
Autosomal Recessive Trait (in caucasians)
HFE1 Gene
Chromosome 6 |
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Term
| What can be used as an indicator of total body stores of iron? Why? What is the normal level for males and females? |
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Definition
Serum Ferritin
B/C it is maintained in equilibrium with iron stores
Males = 20 - 250; Females = 10 - 120 |
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Term
| If a patient presents with c/o asthenia (unexplained chronic fatigue), darkening of the skin, arthralgias, loss of libido or impotence as well as a serum iron level >150 and a transferrin saturation > 50%, what condition should you suspect? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient as hemochromatosis what infectious agents are they susceptible to? |
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Definition
Listeria
Yersenia
Vibrio
E. Coli
S. Aureus |
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Term
| What conditions should hemochromatosis be considered in? |
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Definition
Arthropathy (Early arthritis)
Gonadal Failure (Caused by iron build-up in the anterior pituitary)
Pts with MI and CAD at a young age
Cirrhosis
Skin pigmentation disorder |
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Term
| What condition is described as a stem cell disorder that results in an elevated Hgb or Hct an increased RBC mass and increased blood viscosity that can affect O2 delivery to tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal value for Hgb in males and females? |
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Definition
males = 14 - 18
females = 12 - 16 |
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Term
| What is the normal value for Hct in males and females? |
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Definition
males = 42 - 52%
females = 37 - 47% |
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Term
| What are the causes of relative polycythemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of polycythemia is associated with neoplastic mutation of bone marrow stem cells? |
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Definition
| Absolute Primary Polycythemia |
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Term
| Which type of polycythemia is caused by high altitudes (for long periods), Cardiopulmonary diseases, chronic hypoxemia and hepatoma? |
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Definition
| Absolute Secondary Polycythemia |
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Term
| At what level of iron accumulation do sx of Hemochromatosis begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level of Hgb do symptoms of polycythemia vera occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient presents with symptoms including chronic HA, backache, pruritis after bathing, fatigue on exertion, plethora (redness or ruddiness of face), hepatosplenomegaly, and HTN, what condition do you suspect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for polycythemia vera? |
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Definition
There is no cure, only a means of reducing the symptoms.
Phlebotomy q 2 - 4 days |
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Term
| What must be done to confirm a diagnosis of polycythemia vera? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of abnormal bleeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the normal values for WBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal WBC differential? |
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Definition
Neutrophils = 50 -70%
Lymphocytes = 20 - 25%
Monocytes = 5 - 8%
Eosinophils = 2 - 4%
Bananas = .5 - 1%
"Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas" |
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Term
| What is the normal value for an adult platelet count? |
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Definition
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Term
| What initiates the first stage of the intrinsic pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what level of platelets does thrombocytopenia occur? What is a common symptom of this low amount of platelets? |
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Definition
Platelets < 50,000
Petechiae |
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Term
| What labs will be indicative of thrombocytopenia? |
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Definition
On peripheral smear there will be no platelets and abnormally shaped RBCs
CBC - indicates thrombocytopenia when platelets are less than 50,000
PTT (Evaluates Intrinsic Pathway and will be slower >40sec)
BT (Will be prolonged which is >7min) |
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Term
| Which bleeding lad evaluates the extrinsic system and the common pathway? What factors does it evaluate? |
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Definition
PT (Prothrombin Time)
Factor III, V, VII, X, XIII |
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Term
| What is the normal value for PT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal value for INR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathway does the PTT evaluate? What factors are being evaluated? |
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Definition
Intrinsic Pathway and Common Pathway
Factors V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII |
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Term
| What is the normal value for PTT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal value for bleeding time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does bleeding time evaluate? |
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Definition
| Evaluates platelet function |
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Term
| Which disorder is characterized by and Autoimmune IgG disorder that cause an anti-platelet antibody to form? |
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Definition
| ITP -Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
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Term
| What often proceeds a bout of ITP? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient presents with petechiae, purpura, oral/gingival bleeding, menorrhagia, or epitaxis and on labs tests a finding of decreased platelets and anti-platelet antibodies, what condition do you suspect? |
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Definition
| ITP - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
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Term
| How is ITP treated? What is chronic ITP? |
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Definition
May resolve spontaneously if acute
Corticosteroids
Platelet transfusion
Chronic ITP = > 6 months |
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Term
| At what platelet count is Thrombocytosis dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is transitory thrombocytosis seen? |
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Definition
| After exercise or physical stress |
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Term
| When is secondary thrombocytosis seen? |
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Definition
| Seen in response to hemorrhage, infection, malignancy, hemolysis, etc |
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Term
| When is primary thrombocytosis seen? |
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Definition
| Seen with PCV (Polycythemia Vera) and chronic granulocytic leukemia |
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Term
| How is thrombocytosis diagnosed? |
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Definition
Bone marrow biopsy is the definitive diagnosis
On peripheral blood smear and CBC an increased platelet count will be seen |
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Term
| What is the treatment for thrombocytosis? |
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Definition
Transitory and Secondary will resolve on their own
Primary is treated with cytotoxic agent, and anti-platelet agents (ie ASA) |
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