Term
| What chemicals are released by normal endothelial cells that are adjacent to a clot to help limit the clot formation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What factor do damaged endothelial cells, platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation encourage the formation of? |
|
Definition
| VWF (Von Willebrand Factor) |
|
|
Term
| What is the norm value for platelet count? |
|
Definition
| Platelet Count = 150,000 - 350,000 |
|
|
Term
| At what platelet value does thrombocytopenia occur? |
|
Definition
| Thrombocytopenia occurs at <50,000 platelets |
|
|
Term
| What pathway is activated by tissue damage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathway is activated by damaged blood cells or contact with foreign particles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway? What electrolyte is also necessary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factors are involved in the Intrinsic Pathway? What electrolyte is also necessary? |
|
Definition
XII - XI - IX - VIII - X - V
Ca |
|
|
Term
| Which pathway is the fastest? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do platelets assist in retraction of the clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What components form a blood clot? |
|
Definition
| RBCs, platelets, Fibrin, Plasma |
|
|
Term
| Which platelet consumptive syndrome is an autoimmune IgG disorder? |
|
Definition
| ITP - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
|
|
Term
| Which consumptive platelet disorder is not caused by drugs or toxin? |
|
Definition
| ITP - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
|
|
Term
| Which consumptive platelet disorder sometimes occurs following an URI? |
|
Definition
| ITP - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)? |
|
Definition
Petechiae and Purpura
Oral/Gingival Bleeding
Epitaxis
Menorrhagia
Splenomegaly (Rarely) |
|
|
Term
| What lab test values are significant for ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)? |
|
Definition
Increased BT
Decreased platelet count <50,000
anti-platelet antibodies |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)? |
|
Definition
Corticosteroids
Platelet Transfusion |
|
|
Term
| With TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura), what will be seen on a peripheral smear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lab findings characteristic of TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? |
|
Definition
Normal Coagulation
Increased LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase is released when RBCs are destroyed)
Increased bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of TTP that differentiate it from ITP? |
|
Definition
| TTP - affects the CNS so there will be neurological symptoms, there will also be fever, and possible renal dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| What is HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) associated with? |
|
Definition
| An infection of E. Coli 0157:H7 found in hamburger meat, raw milk, alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, etc |
|
|
Term
| How do the symptoms of HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) differ from TTP (Thrombotic Throbocytopenic Purpura)? |
|
Definition
| HUS will not have neurologic symptoms where as TTP will. (HUS can be differentiated from ITP because there will be no petechiae) |
|
|
Term
| What will a peripheral blood smear show on a patient with HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)? |
|
Definition
multiple helmet cells
fragmented blood cells
reduced platelet number |
|
|
Term
| Which is more likely to cause Renal Failure, HUS or TTP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents with symptoms including N/V/D, mild fever, weakness, HA, confusion, coma, abdominal pain, arrhythmias, and a decreased platelet count, what conditions should be suspected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for HUS or TTP? |
|
Definition
Plasma Exchange
Dialysis may be required |
|
|
Term
| What condition produces both thrombosis and hemorrhage simultaneously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of DIC? |
|
Definition
Sepsis
CA
Crush Injury
Pregnancy Complication
Burns
Liver Disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of HELLP Syndrome? |
|
Definition
intravascular Hemolysis (H)
Elevated Liver enzymes (EL)
Low Platelet count (LP) |
|
|
Term
| In what trimester do HELLP patients generally present? What symptoms do they have on presentation? |
|
Definition
Present in early 3rd trimester
Present with RUQ pain and N/V |
|
|
Term
| What type of patients are at risk for developing HELLP syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common congenital coagulopathy? |
|
Definition
| vWD (von Willebrand's Disease) |
|
|
Term
| What type of trait is vWD? |
|
Definition
| Autosomal Dominant or Recessive |
|
|
Term
| What is the "dual defect" in vWD? |
|
Definition
inadequate platelet aggregation
decreased or defective factor VIII |
|
|
Term
| What labs will be significant for vWD? |
|
Definition
Increased PTT
Increased BT
normal/low factor VIII
decreased vWD antigen |
|
|
Term
| Which factor is deficient in Hemophilia A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factor is deficient in Christmas disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms characteristic of hemophilia? |
|
Definition
repeated, spontaneous bleeding
hemarthroses (very painful - bleeding into the joint)
epitaxis
intracranial bleed
hematemesis
melena |
|
|
Term
| What labs are characteristic of Hemophilia A? |
|
Definition
Increased PTT
decreased factor VIII |
|
|
Term
| How is Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B treated? |
|
Definition
A - Factor VIII given
B - FFP given |
|
|
Term
| What factors are K dependent factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What labs are significant for a K deficient coagulopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor mutation causes an increased risk for developing a DVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for treatment of thromboembolytic disease during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anti-coag med blocks vitamin K reductase and inhibits the vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX & X)? |
|
Definition
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