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Med Term
Chapter 7
117
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Not Applicable
12/19/2023

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Term
Arteriole
Definition
Small artery
Term
Calciferol
Definition
Active form of vitamin D,  secreted by the kidney.
Term
Calyx or calix
Definition
Cup-like collection region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from Greek, Kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud.  
Term
Catheter
Definition
Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Term
Cortex
Definition
Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney(cortical means pertaining to the cortex)
Term
Creatinine
Definition
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing)creatinine from the blood.
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. 
Term
Erythropoietin(EPO)
Definition
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
Term
Filtration
Definition
Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.
Term
Glomerular capsule
Definition
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.
Term
Glomerulus(plural: Glomeruli)
Definition
Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.
Term
Hilum
Definition
Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
Term
Kidney
Definition
One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
Term
Meatus
Definition
Opening or canal.
Term
Medulla 
Definition
Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is in the inner region of the kidney.
Term
Nephron
Definition
Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.
Term
Nitrogenous waste
Definition
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
Term
Potassium(K+)
Definition
Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood.
Term
Reabsorption 
Definition
Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
Term
Renal artery
Definition
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
Term
Renal pelvis
Definition
Central collecting region in the kidney.
Term
Renal tubule
Definition
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after flitration.
Term
Renal vein
Definition
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and  toward the heart.
Term
Renin
Definition
Hormone secreted by the kidney.
Term
Sodium (NA+)
Definition
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys.
Term
Trigone
Definition
Triangular area in the urinary bladder.
Term
Urea
Definition
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
Term
Ureter
Definition
One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Term
Urethra
Definition
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Term
Uric acid
Definition
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
Term
Urinary bladder
Definition
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
Term
Urination(voiding)
Definition
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
Term
Cali/o, calic/o
Definition
Calyx cup-shaped
Term
Cyst/o
Definition
Urinary bladder
Term
Glomerul/o
Definition
glomerulus.
Term
Meat/o
Definition
Meatus
Term
Nephr/o
Definition
Kidney.
Term
Pyel/o
Definition
Renal pelvis.
Term
Ren/o
Definition
Kidney.
Term
Trigon/o
Definition
Trigone(region of the bladder).
Term
Ureter/o
Definition
Ureter.
Term
Urethr/o
Definition
Urethra.
Term
Vesic/o
Definition
Urinary bladder.
Term
Albumin/o
Definition
Albumin (a protein in the blood).
Term
Azot/o
Definition
Nitrogen.
Term
Bacteri/o
Definition
Bacteria.
Term
Dips/o
Definition
Thirst.
Term
Kal/i
Definition
Potassium.
Term
Ket/o, keton/o
Definition
Ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
Term
Lith/o
Definition
Stone.
Term
Natr/o
Definition
Sodium
Term
Noct/o
Definition
Night
Term
Olig/o
Definition
Scanty
Term
-Poietin
Definition
Substance that forms
Term
Py/o
Definition
Pus
Term
-Tripsy
Definition
Crushing 
Term
Ur/o
Definition
Urine(urea)
Term
Urin/o
Definition
Urine
Term
-Uria
Definition
Urination; urine condition
Term
Glomerulonephritis
Definition
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney. 
Term
Interstitial nephritis
Definition
Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules.
Term
Nephrolithiasis
Definition
Kidney stones( renal calculi)
Term
Nephrotic syndrome( nephrosis)
Definition
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine.
Term
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Definition
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney.
Term
Pyelonephritis
Definition
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma.
Term
Renal cell carcinoma(Hypernephroma)
Definition
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.
Term
Renal failure 
Definition
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function.
Term
Renal hypertension
Definition
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.
Term
Wilms tumor
Definition
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.
Term
Bladder cancer
Definition
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
Term
Diabetes insipidus(DI)
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone( ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH.
Term
Diabetes mellitus(DM)
Definition
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects.
Term
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Definition
Measurement of urea levels in blood.
Term
Creatinine clearance 
Definition
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
Term
CT urography 
Definition
X-ray images obtained using computed tomography (CT) show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney. 
Term
Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
Definition
X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Term
Renal angiography 
Definition
X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.
Term
Retrograde pyelogram(RP)
Definition
X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
Term
Voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG)
Definition
X-ray image(with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.
Term
Ultrasonography
Definition
Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves.
Term
Radioisotope scan
Definition
Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope)into the bloodstream
Term
MRI urography
Definition
Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.
Term
Cystoscopy
Definition
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope(cystoscope).
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.
Term
Lithotripsy
Definition
Urinary tract stones are crushed.
Term
Renal angioplasty
Definition
Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries.
Term
Renal biopsy
Definition
Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination.
Term
Renal transplantation
Definition
Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient.
Term
Urinary catheterization
Definition
Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
Term
ADH
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone-vasopressin
Term
AKI
Definition
Acute kidney(renal) injury
Term
BUN
Definition
Blood urea nitrogen
Term
CAPD
Definition
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Term
CKD
Definition
Chronic kidney disease- a condition during which serum creatinine and BUN levels rise, which may result in impairment of all body systems
Term
C1-
Definition
Chloride-an electrolyte excreted by the kidney
Term
CrC1
Definition
Creatinine clearance
Term
CRF
Definition
Chronic renal failure-progressive loss of kidney function
Term
C&S
Definition
Culture and sensitivity testing-to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria grown from a patient's urine specimen
Term
cysto
Definition
Cystoscopic examination
Term
eGFR
Definition
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Term
ESWL
Definition
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Term
HCO3-
Definition
Bicarbonate-an electrolyte conserved by the kidney
Term
HD
Definition
Hemodialysis
Term
IC
Definition
Interstitial cystitis-chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by the bacteria infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy 
Term
IVP
Definition
Intravenous pyelogram
Term
K+
Definition
Potassium-an electrolyte
Term
KUB
Definition
Kidney, ureter, and bladder
Term
Na+
Definition
Sodium-an electrolyte
Term
PD
Definition
Peritoneal dialysis
Term
pH
Definition
Potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity
Term
PKD
Definition
Polycystic kidney disease
Term
PUL
Definition
Percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy
Term
RP
Definition
Retrograde pyelography
Term
sp gr
Definition
Specific gravity
Term
UA
Definition
Urinalysis
Term
UTI
Definition
Urinary tract infection
Term
VCUG
Definition
Voiding cystourethrogram 
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