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Content Analysis
Survey
Experiments |
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| Hutchens Commission (1947), AKA The Commission on the Freedom of the Press: |
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| There isn’t just a right to inform, but a right to be informed |
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Sponsored by parties, politicians
Role of reporters: Stenographers
Audience: Economic and Political Elites
Definition of News: Top down – Politicians to People
Mercantile
Political |
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Sought large circulation
Advertising Model
Role of Reporters: Politically Independent
Audience: Masses
Definition of news: Bottom Up – People to Politicians
News over editorial
Social life
Facts |
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Extension of Penny Press
Focus on people against politicians: Bottom Up – People to Politicians |
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| Gan: Journalism search for efiencenty |
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Staff
Air time/print space
Production time |
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| the way news is defined and written |
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| way news is gathered (beats vs GA) |
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| Enduring Values--news is reformist |
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Ethnocentrism--america Altruistic Democracy-- policans should be in it for fame and $ bias Responsible Capitalism--big buisness bad small good Small town pastoralism--nascar Individualism-news framing story about indiv mary lost husband Moderatism-americans are fairly conservative we have NOT as a people embraced racial change
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| 2 Keys to story selection |
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Definition
| availabity and suitability |
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| suitability (determinates) |
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Past suitability
Productivity
Reliability
Trustworthiness
Authoritativeness Articulateness |
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Incentives
Power
Ability to supply suitable info
Geographic and social proximity |
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| what do media and sources share? |
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| what led to cable in the 1980s |
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| Downie and Kiaser two problems |
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| chains and buisness consultants |
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KNOW IT helped create a more in the 20s when you leave it up to JUST market…people with all the money buy all the radio stations…it would limit stations.. no diversity of the marketplace
…the marketplace will do what is most PROFITABLE ..more sex and violence
the people control the airways…they belong to the people…AKA congress
congress gets involved ..we pass the federal communication act…
you had to broadcast in the public interest |
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| news is a molip. controlled because people don't look for anything more then the 5 cable stations |
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| its out there you just have to find it |
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Mayer: Expanding on Bagdikian’s themes
Economic vs. News model for TV news
Lack of international coverage |
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| immedent effect of the FCC |
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Definition
this is that media community becomes a valueable comanity to people who want to sell them and make money
Aka not being locked in for 7 years
Now Disney owns ABC…so they want to maximize ABC…”its gives me …and lecisencing” … |
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| mass manipulation --hyperdermic needle effect |
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1) orson wells threatre company Sunday night radio show
does war of the world on air …PEOPLE FREAK OUT…president calls radio station to be like ummm you need to tell people its not real cause of the mass pandamoneum
2)Proganda in Nazi Germany ---very advanced society
crude proganda thur film and newspapers
…if the Germanys fall for this anyone will
“media has a hyperdermic effect”
society is stapped to table getting shots ---VERY PASSIVE
MEIDA=POWERFUL
AUDIENCE= PASSIVE AND WEAK |
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| 2 step flow of media theres media but then there are different people in that aud. |
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Definition
1)you read a story about another county (Burma) and you ask friend who went to Burma for 2 weeks (he becomes option leader)
1) your option leaders views will be reflected in YOUr views
stagery vs issue |
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The values of a society that are left unchallenged in the media are always very strong..
Media values are enforced and valued in area that they are from
But if the person knows a lot/cares a lot about something then media coverage is less important to them |
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Summary: The more the press covers an issue, the more likely are audiences to rank that issue as one of the “most important problems.”
Shorthand description: News media tell people what to think about, not what to think. |
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Summary: If the press covers an issue a lot, people will tend to make judgments based on their perception of that issue.
What it doesn’t tell us: What judgment they will actually make (e.g., who they will vote for). |
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Summary: The narrative choices reporters and editors make in selecting certain types of information over others and making it salient in news stories “spins” that story toward one interpretation over another, equally plausible interpretation. This in turn “activates” certain judgments in audiences instead of others.
What it doesn’t tell us: How important the issue really is, or whether it will effect actual judgments |
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| Epasodic and Thamadtic frames |
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Epoosidic-crime—focus on prison sents. Because of bad apples
Thamadtic—on crime cause of bad education
Summerary people are passie media is powerful when people are involved media isn’t s powerful |
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| 3 major research design approaches used in study of polls |
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Definition
survey research—used to predict how election will come out
internal validity—causal claim
and external validity –generalize (all off florida will vote Obama with 1500)
adv. Of surveys
samplying |
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