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Medical Terminology Chapter 4
terms in chapter 4
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06/24/2008

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Term
abduction
Definition
movement of limb away from the midline of the body
Term
Achilles tendinitis
Definition
inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress
Term
adduction
Definition
movement of limb towards the midline of the body
Term
adhesion
Definition
band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally and can form in muscles or internal organs as the results of an injury or surgery
Term
anticholinergic
Definition
"medication administered to control spasmodic activity of smooth muscles, such as those of the intestine; also know as antispasmodic"
Term
ataxia
Definition
inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement
Term
atonic
Definition
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Term
atrophy
Definition
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time
Term
atropine
Definition
antispasmodic medication that may be administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscles
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
extreme slowness in movement
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
Term
circumduction
Definition
circular movement of a limb at the far end
Term
contracture
Definition
"permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues."
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
bends the foot upward at the angle
Term
dyskinesia
Definition
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement in which the movements appear purposeful but are not under voluntary control.
Term
dystaxia
Definition
difficulty in controlling voluntary movement; artial ataxia
Term
dystonia
Definition
condition of abnormal muscle tone
Term
electromyography
Definition
diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in respones to nerve stimulation
Term
electroneuromyography
Definition
diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscles
Term
epicondylitis
Definition
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.
Term
ergonomics
Definition
study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
Term
fasciitis
Definition
inflammation of a fascia
Term
fascioplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a fascia
Term
fibromyalgia syndrome
Definition
"chronic, often disabling, condition of unknown cause characterized by uncontrollable fatigue and widespread pain in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons"
Term
ganglion cyst
Definition
harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
Term
hemiparesis
Definition
slight paralysis of one side of the body
Term
hemipalegia
Definition
total paralysis of one side of the body
Term
hyperkinesia
Definition
abnormally increased motor function or activity
Term
hypertonia
Definition
condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscle
Term
hypokinesia
Definition
abnormally decreased motor function or activity
Term
hypotonia
Definition
contitioni in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscle
Term
impingement syndrome
Definition
when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
Term
intermittent claudication
Definition
pain in the leg muscles that occurs in the legs during exercise and is relieved by rest
Term
kinesiology
Definition
study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system
Term
myalgia
Definition
muscle tenderness or pain
Term
myasthenia gravis
Definition
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
Term
myocele
Definition
protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia
Term
myoclonus
Definition
spasm or twitching of a muscle or groups of muscles
Term
myofascial damage
Definition
tenderness and swelling of the muscles and their surrounding fascia caused by overworking the muscles
Term
myolysis
Definition
degeneration of muscle tissue
Term
myoparesis
Definition
weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle
Term
myorrhaphy
Definition
surgical suturing of a muscle or muscle wound
Term
myositis
Definition
inflammation of a skeletal muscle
Term
myotonia
Definition
delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
Term
physiatrist
Definition
specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation
Term
plantar fasciitis
Definition
inflammation of plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking
Term
polymyositis
Definition
inflammation of several skeletal muscles at the same time
Term
pronation
Definition
act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downard or backwards
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
the paralysis of all four extremities
Term
sarcopenia
Definition
age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly
Term
singultus
Definition
hiccups
Term
spasmodic torticollis
Definition
stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head towards the affected side; wryneck
Term
sphincter
Definition
ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
Term
supination
Definition
"act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the ahnd or sole of the foot, is turned forward or upward"
Term
tenodesis
Definition
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
Term
tenodynia
Definition
pain in a tendon
Term
tenolysis
Definition
to free a tendon from adhesions
Term
tenorrhaphy
Definition
surgical suturing of a divided tendon
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