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Medical Terminology Chapter 5
TERMS FROM CHAPTER 5
60
Medical
Professional
06/24/2008

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Term
aneurysm
Definition
"localized weak spot, balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery"
Term
angiitis
Definition
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
episodes of sever chest pain due to inadequate blood flowto the myocardium
Term
angiostenosis
Definition
narrowing of a blood vessels
Term
antiarrhythmic
Definition
medication to control irregularities of the heartbeat
Term
anticoagulant
Definition
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
Term
antihypertensive
Definition
med to lower blood pressure
Term
aplastic anemia
Definition
characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements
Term
atherectomy
Definition
surgical removal of plaque from the interior lining of an artery
Term
atheroma
Definition
"characteristic of atherosclerosis, deposit of plaque within the arterial walls"
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaques
Term
automated external defibrillator
Definition
"defibrillator designed for use by nonprofessionals, automatically samples electricalrhythms of heart and externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm"
Term
bradycardia
Definition
abnormally slow heartbeat
Term
cardiac arrhythmia
Definition
change in the rhythm of the heartbeat; dysrhythmia
Term
cardiac catheterization
Definition
diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the heart
Term
cholesterol
Definition
waxy fat like substance that travels in the blood in packages called lipoproteins
Term
defibrillation
Definition
use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm;cardioversion
Term
digital subtraction angiography
Definition
diagnostic technique that combines video with computer-assited enhancements of images obtained by conventional angiography
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
any pathologic condition of the cellular element of the blood
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
record produced by electrocardiography
Term
embolism
Definition
sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
Term
embolus
Definition
"foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood"
Term
endarterectomy
Definition
surgical removal of the lining of an artery that is clogged with plaque
Term
endocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
Term
erythrocytes
Definition
mature red blood cells
Term
hemangioma
Definition
benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
Term
hemochromatosis
Definition
genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron.
Term
hemolytic anemia
Definition
red blood cells are destroyed more rapidly than the bone marrow can replace them
Term
hemolytic reaction
Definition
destruction of erythrocytes that occurs when a patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood; transfusion reaction
Term
hemostasis
Definition
to stop or control bleeding
Term
hypoperfusion
Definition
deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part
Term
ischemic heart disease
Definition
group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart that are usually associated with coronary artery disease
Term
leukemia
Definition
malignancy characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes
Term
leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
megaloblastic anemia
Definition
blood disorder in which red blood cells are larger than normal
Term
myelodysplastic syndrome
Definition
progressive condition of dysfunctional bone marrow that may eventually developed into leukemia
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
occlusion of one or more coronary arteries resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium; heart attack
Term
myocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the myocardium
Term
orthostatic hypotension
Definition
lowblood pressure that occurs in a standing posture; postural hypotension
Term
palpitation
Definition
pounding or racing heart with or without irregularit in rhythm
Term
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Definition
episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium
Term
pernicious anemia
Definition
"autoimmune disorder in which the red blood cells are abnormally formed, due to an inability to absorb vitamin B"
Term
phlebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein
Term
plasmapheresis
Definition
"removal of whole blood from the body, separation of its cellular elements, and reinfusion of these cellular elements suspended in saline or a plasma substitute."
Term
polyarteritis
Definition
inflammation involving several arteries at the same time
Term
Raynaud's phenomenon
Definition
"intermittent attacks of pallor, cyanosis, and redness of the fingers and toes"
Term
septicemia
Definition
systemic disease caused by spread of microorganisms and their toxins via circulating blood; blood poisoning
Term
tachycardia
Definition
abnormally rapid heartbeat
Term
thallium stress test
Definition
flow of blood through heart during activity is assed through use of radionuclide thallium during stress test
Term
thrombolytic
Definition
clot-busting drug
Term
thrombosis
Definition
abnormal condition of having a thrombus
Term
thrombotic occlusion
Definition
blocking of an artery by a thrombus
Term
thrombus
Definition
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
Term
tissue plasminogen activator
Definition
thrombolytic that is administered to certain patients having a heart attack or stroke.
Term
valvoplasty
Definition
surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve
Term
valvulitis
Definition
inflammation of a heart valve
Term
varicose veins
Definition
"abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the legs"
Term
vasoconstrictors
Definition
constricts the blood vessels
Term
vasodilator
Definition
dilates the blood vessels
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