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Medical Terminology
Cardiovascular Terms
76
Medical
Undergraduate 1
03/25/2007

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Term
aorta
Definition
the large artery emerging from the left ventricle
Term
aortic valve
Definition
left semilunar valve
Term
arteriole
Definition
transitional artery to capillary vessel
Term
artery
Definition
carry blood away from the heart
Term
atrium
Definition
the two superior heart chambers that receive blood
Term
atrioventricular node
Definition
slow the impulse from the SA node to the ventricles
Term
sinoatrial node
Definition
begins each heart cycle
Term
endocardium
Definition
thin layer of connective tissue - lines the heart chambers
Term
epicardium
Definition
forms the outer heart wall layer
Term
myocardium
Definition
the bulk of the heart wall - muscle tissue
Term
pericardial sac
Definition
outer membrane surrounding the heart
Term
bicuspid/mitral valve
Definition
left atrioventricular valve
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
right atrioventricular valve
Term
pulmonary valve
Definition
right semilunar valve
Term
diastole
Definition
heart relaxes and fills with blood
Term
systole
Definition
heart contracts and expels blood
Term
vein
Definition
carries blood toward the heart
Term
venule
Definition
transitional capillary to vein vessel
Term
ventricle
Definition
general term - "chamber" - pushes blood
Term
bundle of His
Definition
conducting pathways for heart impulses
Term
capillaries
Definition
microscopic blood vessels (1 cell thick) between arteries and veins that allow oxygen transfer to and from blood cells
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
chest pain caused by an insufficient heart blood supply
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat
Term
bradycardia
Definition
abnormally slow heartbeat
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
abnormal heart enlargement
Term
dysrhythmia
Definition
disturbance/abnormality of the heart's normal cycle
Term
palpitation
Definition
pounding/racing/skipping heartbeat
Term
tachycardia
Definition
abnormally fast heartrate
Term
aneurysm
Definition
arterial wall bulging
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
hardening of the arteries
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
artery narrowing
Term
atrial septal defect
Definition
opening in the septum between the left and right atriums
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
general term for disease of heart muscle
Term
claudication
Definition
pain in a limb caused by poor circulation
Term
coarctation of the aorta
Definition
narrowed aorta (congenital disease)
Term
congestive heart failure
Definition
inability of left ventricle to pump enough blood
Term
cyanosis
Definition
blue tinge in skin and mucus membranes caused by oxygen deficiency
Term
deep vein thrombosis
Definition
blood clots within deep leg veins
Term
embolism
Definition
clot/particle floating through circulation
Term
endocarditis
Definition
endocardium inflammation
Term
fibrillation
Definition
rapid, uncoordinated ventricle contractions
Term
flutter
Definition
extremely rapid, but regular, contractions
Term
murmur
Definition
abnormal soft blowing or rasping sound
Term
hypertension
Definition
persistently high blood pressure
Term
hypotension
Definition
chronic low blood pressure
Term
ischemia
Definition
abnormally low blood flow to tissues
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
death of a part of the myocardium
Term
myocarditis
Definition
myocardium inflammation
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
opening between pulmonary artery and aorta
Term
pericarditis
Definition
pericardium inflammation
Term
phlebitis
Definition
vein inflammation
Term
tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
4 defects resulting in bypass of the pulmonary circuit
Term
thrombosis
Definition
stationary blood clot
Term
varicosis/varicose veins
Definition
abnormally dilated veins
Term
ventricular septal defect
Definition
septum opening between ventricles, allowing blood flow between them
Term
angiogram
Definition
x-ray of a blood vessel after contrast media is injected
Term
angioplasty
Definition
surgical blood vessel repair
Term
auscultation
Definition
physical examination using a stethoscope
Term
cardiac catheterization
Definition
insertion of a tube into a coronary blood vessel
Term
coronary angiogram
Definition
x-ray recording of heart's circulation
Term
coronary artery bypass graft
Definition
a blood vessel is removed from a different part of the body and used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
Term
defibrillation
Definition
electrical charge to stop fibrillation
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
recording of electrical heartbeat-associated events
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition
measures arterial blood pressure
Term
thrombolytic therapy
Definition
treatments to dissolve clots
Term
valvuloplasty
Definition
surgical heart valve repair
Term
bruit
Definition
turbulent blood flow (sound associated)
Term
stenosis
Definition
abnormal blood vessel narrowing
Term
constriction
Definition
tightening, prevents proper blood flow
Term
occlusion
Definition
blood supply blockage
Term
vegetation
Definition
clot-type masses on the heart valves
Term
normotension
Definition
normal blood pressure
Term
normal sinus rhythm
Definition
normal heart rhythm
Term
mitral valve prolapse
Definition
leaflet of mitral valve facing the wrong way
Term
thrombophlebitis
Definition
vein inflammation caused by a clot
Term
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Definition
balloon treatment to open up a closed coronary artery
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