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Medical Terminology
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03/05/2013

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Term
-a, -e, -us, -y
Definition
noun ending
Term
-ago
Definition
Any abnormal disease/condition
Term
-algia
Definition
pain, painful condition
Term
-ar
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness/lack of strength
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid
Term
-clonus
Definition
violent action
Term
-ectomy
Definition
Surgical removal
Term
-esis
Definition
Any abnormal condition/disease
Term
-graphy
Definition
The process of producing a picture or record.
Term
-hemo
Definition
blood, loss of large amount of blood in short amount of time
Term
-ia
Definition
Any abnormal condition/disease
Term
-iasis
Definition
Any abnormal condition/disease
Term
-itis
Definition
Inflamation
Term
-listhesis
Definition
Slipping
Term
-oma
Definition
Tumor
Term
-ostomy
Definition
Surgical creation of an artifical opening
Term
-otomy
Definition
surgical incision
Term
-penia
Definition
deficiency
Term
-plasty
Definition
surgical repair
Term
-poietic
Definition
pertaining to the formation of-
Term
-rrhage
Definition
bleeding, excessive discharge
Term
-rrhagia
Definition
bleeding, excessive discharge
Term
-rrhea
Definition
flow or discharge
Term
-rrhexis
Definition
Ruptrure
Term
-schleosis
Definition
abnormal hardening
Term
-stenosis
Definition
abnormal narrowing
Term
Ab
Definition
away from
Term
Abdomin/o
Definition
Root word for abdomin
Term
Abdominocentesis
Definition
Puncturing of the abdomen to remove fluid
Term
Acute
Definition
describing a condition with a rapid onset, severe course, and relatively short duration
Term
Ad
Definition
toward, in the direction of
Term
Adenectomy
Definition
Removal of a gland
Term
Adenitis
Definition
Inflammation of a gland
Term
Adenoma
Definition
A tumor in the glands
Term
Adenomalacia
Definition
Abnormal softening of a gland
Term
Adenosclerosis
Definition
abnormalhardening of a gland
Term
Adnocarcinoma
Definition
A malignant tumor that starts in a gland
Term
Allogenic
Definition
Transfer from donor
Term
Anaplasia
Definition
A change in the structure of cells.
Term
Angiography
Definition
Medical test in which dye is inserted into the blood.
Term
Aplasia
Definition
Congential absence of an organ or tissue
Term
Arhtoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
Term
Arteri/o
Definition
Artery
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Abnormal hardening of the artery walls.
Term
Arthr/o
Definition
Root word for joint
Term
Arthralgia
Definition
Joint Pain
Term
Arthrodesis
Definition
Surgical suturing (fusion) of two bones to stiffen a joint
Term
Ataxia
Definition
inability to coordinate muscle movement
Term
Ather/o
Definition
Plaque, or fatty substance
Term
Atheroma
Definition
Plaque/fatty tumor
Term
Atonic
Definition
lacking normal muscle tone
Term
Bifida
Definition
split
Term
Cardi/o
Definition
Root word for heart
Term
Connective
Definition
Tissues that support and connect the organs and other body tissues
Term
Contracture
Definition
permanent tightening of skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments when normal elastic tissues are replaced with fibrous tissues
Term
Cost/o
Definition
Root word for rib
Term
Craniostenosis
Definition
malformation of the skull due to premature closings of cranial bones
Term
Dia-
Definition
Through, between, apart, complete
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
identification of a disease of injury
Term
Diarrhea
Definition
Discharge through the digestive tract
Term
Dorsiflection
Definition
Bends the foot upward at the ankle
Term
Dys-
Definition
bad/difficult/painful
Term
Dysfunctional
Definition
refers to a body part or organ that is not working properly
Term
Dystaxia
Definition
Mild form of Ataxia
Term
Endartieral
Definition
Within the artery
Term
Epicondylitis
Definition
Inflammation of the muscles surronding the elbow (Tennis Elbow)
Term
Epithelial
Definition
Outer layer of tissue, covers the entire body (skin)
Term
Eponym
Definition
is a disease/structure/operation/procedure named for the personwho discovered of described it first
Term
Euthyroid
Definition
Normally functionig thyroid gland
Term
Fibrous Dysplasia
Definition
Unknown disorder where normal bone marrow is destroyed and replaced with fibrous tissue
Term
Fissure
Definition
crack like sore of the skin
Term
Fistula
Definition
abnormal passage, often between two internl organs of from an organ to body surface
Term
Functional Disorder
Definition
Disorder which no physiological or anatomical symptoms occur
Term
Gastralgia
Definition
Stomach Ache
Term
Gastroenteritis
Definition
Inflamation of the entire digestive tract
Term
Hemat/o
Definition
Root word for blood cells
Term
Hematopoietic Tissue
Definition
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Term
Hist/o
Definition
Root word for tissue
Term
Histologist
Definition
Studier of tissue diseases
Term
Hyper
Definition
over/excessive or increased
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
is the enlargement of an organ because of increase in cells
Term
Hypertension
Definition
Increased blood pressur (higher than normal)
Term
Hypertonia
Definition
excessive toned muscles
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
Increase in the bulk of a body part of organ due to increase in size of cells
Term
Hypo
Definition
under/deficient/decreased
Term
Hypodermic
Definition
Under the skin
Term
Hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete developement of an organ
Term
Hypotonia
Definition
diminished toned muscles
Term
Iatrogenic Illness
Definition
unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment (usually drugs)
Term
Idiopathic Disorder
Definition
Illness with an unknown cause
Term
Infectious disease
Definition
illness caused by living pathoenic organisms
Term
Inter
Definition
between/among
Term
Intercellular
Definition
Between cells
Term
Intra
Definition
within/inside
Term
Intracellular
Definition
within the cells
Term
Kinesia
Definition
Movement
Term
Kyph/o
Definition
hump
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
abnormal increase in outward curve  (shoulders)
Term
Laceration
Definition
Torn of jagged would or accidental cut
Term
Lesion
Definition
pathologic change (abnormality) due to disease or injury
Term
Lordosis
Definition
Increase in foreward curvature (lumbar)
Term
Lumbago
Definition
Abnormal condition of the lumbar region
Term
Mesentery
Definition
fused double layer of the peritoneum that attachs parts of the intestine to the interiod abdominal wall
Term
My/o
Definition
Root word for muscle
Term
Myalgia
Definition
tenderness/pain in the muscles
Term
Myasthenia Gravis
Definition
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness
Term
Myc/o
Definition
Fungus
Term
Mycosis
Definition
disease or abnormality cause by fungus
Term
Myecele
Definition
Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia
Term
Myel/o
Definition
Bone marrow or spinal cord
Term
Myeloma
Definition
Type of cancer that startsin the blood making cells
Term
Myelopathy
Definition
pathology or disease of the spinal cord
Term
Myopathy
Definition
pathology/disease of the muscle
Term
Myotonia
Definition
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by slow relaxation of muscles after a voluntary contraction
Term
Myrorrhexis
Definition
Ruptured muscle
Term
Nat-
Definition
Birth
Term
Natal
Definition
Pertaining to birth
Term
Neur/o
Definition
Root word for nervous system
Term
Neuritis
Definition
Inflamation of the nerves
Term
Neuroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of nerves
Term
Nosocomial Infection
Definition
disease acquired in the hospital
Term
Oste/o
Definition
Root word for bone
Term
Osteitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bones
Term
Osteochondroma
Definition
benign bony projection covered in cartilage
Term
Osteomalacia
Definition
Abnormal softening of the bones
Term
Osteonecrosis
Definition
Death of bone tissue due to lack ofinsufficient blood
Term
Pan-
Definition
Entire
Term
Pandemic
Definition
outbreak of a disease occuring over a large population group or area
Term
Parietal Peritoneum
Definition
outer layer of the peritoneum, lines the interior abdominal wall
Term
Pathology
Definition
The study of diseases.
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
Multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
Inflamation of the Peritoneum
Term
Plantar Flexion
Definition
bends the foot downward at the ankle
Term
Post-
Definition
after
Term
Pre-
Definition
before
Term
Prenatal
Definition
pertaining to before birth
Term
Prognosis
Definition
Prediction of probable outcome of a disorder
Term
Pronation
Definition
turns the palm downward of backward
Term
Pyoderma
Definition
acute pus-forming bacterial skin infection
Term
Pyr/o
Definition
fever/fire
Term
Pyrosis
Definition
Heartburn
Term
Remission
Definition
the temporary/partial/complete disapperance of the symptoms without having achieved a cure
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
Sideways curvature
Term
Sign
Definition
Doctor POV of diease
Term
Singultus
Definition
Hiccups
Term
Spina Bifida
Definition
Congenital deffect where the spinal column doesn't completely close to protect the spinal cord
Term
Spondyl/o
Definition
Root word for spinal cord/vertebrae
Term
Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Slipping of vertebrae
Term
Supination
Definition
Turns the palm of the hand upward or forward
Term
Symptom
Definition
Patient POV of part a disease
Term
Syndrome
Definition
A set of signs and symptoms that describe a disease
Term
Synovectomy
Definition
Removal of the synovial membrane
Term
Ten/o
Definition
Root word for Tendon
Term
Tonsill/o
Definition
Root word for Tonsils
Term
Vascul/o
Definition
Root word for vascular system
Term
Visceral Peritoneum
Definition
The inner layer of the peritoneum, surronds the organs
Term
angi/o
Definition
Root word for blood
Term
enter/o
Definition
root word for small instestine
Term
gastr/o
Definition
Root word for stomach
Term
lord/o
Definition
bent backward
Term
lumb/o
Definition
Root word for Lumbar
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
Term
py/o
Definition
Root word for pus
Term
scoli/o
Definition
curved
Term
allergen
Definition
a substance that produces an allergic reaction
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
a systematic reaction that is a severe response to an allergen, also known as anaphyitic shock
Term
Autoimmune Disorder
Definition
is any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
Term
Immunodeficiency Disorder
Definition
occurs when the ummune response is compromised
Term
Opportunistic Infections
Definition
Is caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans
Term
HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Definition
virus which occurs as a bloodborne infection & damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing immunity to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening oppurtunstic infections
Term
Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Definition
The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection
Term
Immunotherapy
Definition
A disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response
Term
Immunosuppressant
Definition
a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response
Term
Cytotoxic Drug
Definition
a medication that kills or damages cells
Term
Pathogen
Definition
disease-producing agent; a mircroorganism or virus that casues a disease in humans
Term
Bacteria
Definition
are one-celled prokaryotic microscopic organisms
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Rod shaped spore-forming bacteria
Term
Tetanus
Definition
Caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani and is transmitted through a cut or wounds commonly known as lockjaw
Term
Reckettsia
Definition
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks and mites. (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
Term
Spirochetes
Definition
Sprial-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement (Lyme disease)
Term
Lyme Disease
Definition
caused by tickes, symptoms include: spreading red ring
Term
Lyme Disease Facts
Definition
70% get the bullseye (spreading ring, other 30% get cluster fuck (joint ache, fever, flu)
Term
Staphylocci
Definition
Are a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters that resemble grapes
Term
Parasite
Definition
a plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism
Term
Toxoplasmosis
Definition
most commonly tranmitted from animals (pets) to humans by contact with contaminated feces.
Term
Malaria
Definition
A disease caused by a protistan parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
Term
Herpes Zoster (Varicella zoster) VZV (shingles)
Definition
Is an scute viral infection characterized by painful skn eruptions that follow the underlying route of and inflamed nerve.
Term
Infectious Mononucleosis
Definition
Mono, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), condition is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes
Term
Rubella
Definition
German Measles (3 day measles), a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes and a fine pink rash
Term
Rabies
Definition
An acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal
Term
Varicella
Definition
Chicken Pox, is caused by the herpes virus, and is highly contagious
Term
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Definition
A member of the herpes virus family that causes a variety of diseases.
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
Medication that is capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
Term
Antifungal
Definition
an agent that destorys or inhibits the growth of fungi, also known as Antimycotic
Term
Onc/o
Definition
Tumor
Term
Oncology
Definition
The study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer
Term
Myoma
Definition
A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
Term
Cancer
Definition
A class of diseases characterized by malignant tumors that can metastasize (move beyond the original infected area)
Term

Metastasize

 

Definition
the prcess by which cancer spreads from one place to another
Term
Metastasis
Definition
stopping, steady, new cancer site
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
A malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue
Term
Carcinoma in situ
Definition
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissue.
Term
Sarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues.
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
A malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee
Term
Lymphoma
Definition
A general term applied to malignancies affecting the lymphoid tissues
Term
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Definition
distinguished from other lymphommas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphcytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
Term
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Definition
A term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
Term
Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Definition
Breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
Term
Inflitrating ductal carcinoma
Definition
Also known as invasive ductal carcinoma, starts in the milk duct, and breaks through the wall of that duct and invades the fatty breast tissue
Term
Mammogrphy
Definition
A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Double layered membrane sac that encloses the heart
Term
Parietal percadium
Definition
Outer layer that forms a fibrous layer of the Pericardium
Term
Visceral Pericardium
Definition
Inner layer of the percardium, outlayer of heart
Term
Pericardium fluid
Definition
fluid between visceral and parietal layers, to prevent friction from heart beats
Term
Epicardium
Definition
Outer layer of heart, visceral pericardium
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Myocardial muscle, middle and thickest muscle of the heart, constant contraction and relaxation of this muscle causes the pumping motion to circulate blood
Term
Endocardium
Definition
inner lining of the heart
Term
Coronary Arties
Definition

give oxygen rich blood to the myocardium

 

Term
Atria
Definition
Two upper chambers of the heart
Term
Interaterial Septum
Definition
seperates the atria
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Lower chambers of the heart, pump blood
Term
Tricuspid Valve
Definition
controls opening between right side atria and ventricle
Term
Tricuspid
Definition
three cusps (points)
Term
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
Definition
half moon shaped valve, pertaining to the lungs
Term
Mitral Valve
Definition
bicuspid valve, Mitral=bishops hat
Term
Aortic semilunar valve
Definition
half moon shaped valve between the aorta and and left ventricle
Term
Pulmonary Circulation
Definition
blood circulation only between the heart and lungs
Term
Arteries
Definition
Carry deoxygenated blood
Term
Veins
Definition
Carry oxygenated blood into the left artium of the heart
Term
Sinoatrial Node
Definition
SA Node, establishes basic rhythm, natural pace maker
Term
Atrioventricular Node
Definition
AV Node, on the bottom of the upper chambers, carries electrical impulses to contracting muscles
Term
HISS
Definition
group of fibers located within the interventricular septum
Term
Purkinje Fibers
Definition
specialized conducting fibers in the walls of the ventricles
Term
Carotid Arteries
Definition
Major arteries in the neck
Term
Common, internal, external carotid
Definition
C: blood to the head,  I: blood to the head, E: blood to the face
Term
Arterioles
Definition
thinner branches of arteries that carry blood to capillaries
Term
Venules
Definition
smallest veins
Term
Superficial, Deep
Definition
S: near the suface, D: within tissues
Term
Venae Cavae
Definition
Largest veins in the body, valves to the heart
Term
Systolic Pressure
Definition

highest pressure against the walls of the arteries

 

Term
Diastolic Pressure
Definition
when the ventricles are relaxed
Term
Angina
Definition
Pain from heart attack
Term
AFib
Definition
normal beats in artia are replaced with rapid irregular beats
Term
V fib
Definition
useless contractions of ventricles
Term
V tach
Definition
rapid heart beat starting in the ventricles
Term
venous Insufficincy
Definition
Lack of oxygenated blood
Term
phlebitis
Definition
inflammation of the veins
Term
Blood Dyscrasia
Definition
cellular elements of blood are bad
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Iron overload in the blood
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
any situation where total number of white blood cells are less than normal
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