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Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils. |
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Tip or uppermost portion of the lung.
An apex is the tip of a structure |
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Lower portion of the lung;
from the Greek basis, foundation
Basilar means pertaining to the base. |
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Smallest branches of the bronchi.
Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts |
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Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube |
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Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs. |
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Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung.
Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia. |
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| Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible. |
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| Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing. |
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| Breathing out (exhalation) |
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| Slit-like opening to the larynx |
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Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
Hilar means pertaing to (at) the hilium |
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| Breathing in (inhalation) |
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| Voice box; containing the vocal cords |
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| Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes. |
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| Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities |
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| Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells |
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One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx.
palantine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth. |
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| One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose. |
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| Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall. |
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| Throat: including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
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| Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. |
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| Space between the folds of the pleura. |
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| Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli. |
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| Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing |
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| Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue. |
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bronchiole, small bronchus
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| Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes. |
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| Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood |
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| bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood. |
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| Inflammation of the voice box. |
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| difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarseness or any voice impairment |
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| nerve carrying messages from the brain to the diaphragm |
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| air in the pleural cavity |
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| Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs) |
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| The expulsion of air from the lungs. |
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| Pus in the pleural cavity |
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| absence of the sense of smell |
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| blood in the pleural cavity |
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| pus in the pleural cavity |
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| Listening to sounds within the body. |
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| Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure. |
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pleural rub
also called a friction rub |
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Definition
| Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other. |
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| Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli. |
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rhonchi
singular: rhonchus |
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| Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum. |
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| Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting. |
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| Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx |
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| Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing. |
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| Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor. |
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| Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (corynebacterium) |
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| Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis |
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| Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production. |
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| Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection |
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| Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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| Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally. |
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| Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli |
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| Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
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| Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi |
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Definition
non-small cell lung cancer
Two main types:
Adenocarcinoma (derived from mucus-secreting cells)
and
Squamous cell carcinoma (derived from the lining cells of the upper airway)
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Definition
small cell lung cancer
derived from small, round ("oat" cells) cells found in pulmonary epithelium. |
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| Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis. |
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Forms of Pneumoconiosis
Various forms are named according to the type of dust particle inhaled. |
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Definition
anthracosis - Coal dust (black lung disease)
asbestosis - asbestos particles (in shipbuilding and construction trades)
silicosis - silica or glass (grinder's disease) |
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| Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
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| fluid, blood cells, and debris |
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| a fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan |
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| Community-acquired pneumonia |
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| results from a contagious respiratory infection, caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria. |
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Hospital-aquired pneumonia
or
nosocomial pneumonia |
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Definition
aquired during hospitalization.
Patients may contract pneumonia while on mechanical ventilation. |
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| caused by material, sucha as food or vomitus, lodging in bronchi or lungs. |
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| Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs. |
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| fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles. |
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| Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung. |
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| Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs. |
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| Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and othe organs. |
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| Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected. |
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rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
caused by asbestos exposure. |
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| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity) |
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| Inflammation of the pleura |
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| Collection of air in the pleural space. |
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| Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease. |
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Definition
| Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film) |
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Computed Tomography (CT)
scan of the chest |
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Definition
| Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes. |
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| CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) |
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Definition
| the combination of CT scanning and angiography. It is useful to examine the pulmonary circulation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism. |
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of the chest |
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Definition
| magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes |
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| Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung |
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Definition
| Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs. |
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| Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan |
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Definition
| Detection device records radioactiviy in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon) |
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| Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes. |
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Definition
| Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway. |
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| Visual examination of the voice box. |
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| removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination |
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| endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum |
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Pulmonary function tests
(PFTs) |
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Definition
| Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently) |
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Definition
| measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lung. |
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Definition
| forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration |
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Definition
| expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself. |
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| Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space |
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| large surgical incision of the chest |
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Definition
| Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
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| Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
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Definition
| Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction |
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Definition
| Chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion |
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