Term
| All meds used for ophthalmic surgery need to be labeled "for ophthalmic use" as regulated by the FDA. These meds are often more potent of a concentration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- cause the iris to contract= dilation of pupil= mydriasis
- paralyze the iris sphincter without affecting the lens' ability to focus light rays on the retina
- commonly used drug: phenylephrine HCL (Neo- Synephrine)
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Definition
- cause the iris to contract= dilation of pupil= mydriasis
- paralyze ciliary muscles= pupil dilation and inability of the ciliary process to focus the lens of the eye
- commonly used drugs: tropicamide (Mydriacyl), cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl), and atropine sulfate (Atropisol)
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Definition
- act on the iris= iris relaxation and pupil constriction= miosis
- commonly used drugs: pilocarpine HCl (Pilocar, IsoptoCarpine), acetylcholine chloride (Miochol-E), and carbachol (Miostat, IsoptoCarbachol)
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Term
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Definition
- may be admisistered by instillation into the anterior chamber
- facilitate drainage of aqueous humor → trabecullar meshwork of canal of Schlemm = decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP)
- used intraoperatively when pupil constriction is necessary= laser iridectomy or after placement of intraocular lens (IOL) implant
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Term
| Viscoelastic/Viscosurgical Agents |
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Definition
- expand the anterior chamber and prevent injury to corneal endothelium and surrounding tissues during cataract extraction
- can be used as a replacement for vitreous humor
- commonly used drugs: Chondroitin sulfate-soduium hyaluronate (Viscoat) and sodium hyaluronate Healon, Amvisc)
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Definition
- diuretics used perioperatively to shrink vitreous body= reducing intraocular pressure (IOP)
- used intraoperatively to aid in scleral closure during retinal detachment repair
- commonly used drugs: IV mannitol (Osmitrol) and oral acetazolamide (Diamox)
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Term
| Anti- Inflammatory Agents |
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Definition
- steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
- used in traumatic eye injuries to suppress the inflammatory response and to control post-op inflammation
- commonly used drugs: prednisolone acetate (PredForte), dexamethasone (OcuDex), and betamethasone (Celestone Suspension)
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Term
| Ophthalmic Antibiotic Ointments |
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Definition
- used for treatment or prevention of ocular infections
- commonly delivered as liquid medication injected into the subconjunctival space as drop form or ointment in subconjunctival sac
- antibiotics are commonly combined with a steroid such as tobramycin and dexamethsone (Tobradex)
- commonly used drugs: gentamycin (Genoptic), erythromycin (Ilotycin), tobramycin (Tobramycin Ophthalmic), and ciproflxan (Ciloxan)
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Term
| Ophthalmic Topical Anesthetics |
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Definition
- Tetracaine (Pontocaine)
- Proparacaine (Ophthaine)
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Definition
- block both sensory and motor nerve function
- accomplished by injecting the area around the optic nerve with a combo of lidocaine HCl and bupivicaine (both with NO epinephrine)
- Hyaluronidase (Wydase) is added to aid in distribution of local anesthetic agent(s)
- Epinephrine may be added to the solution to decrease bleeding during eyelid procedures
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Term
| Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) |
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Definition
- sterile, physiologically balanced irrigating fluid
- keeps cornea from drying out during ophthalmic procedures
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Term
| Balanced Salt Solution Plus (BSS Plus) |
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Definition
- enhanced irrigating solution with bicarbonate, dextrose, and glutathione
- used during extracapsular lens extraction, betrectomy and anterior segment procedures
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Definition
- fluorescent dye that stains tissue for detection of corneal abrasion or to assess lacrimal duct patency
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Definition
- dissolves zonules holding intracapsular lens; extraction of lens
- alpha chymotrypsin (Alpha-Chymar)
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