Term
| BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
SAN VITALE, RAVENNA, ITALY 526-547CE
-octagonal plan with circular nave ringed by ambulatory
-rectangular narthex w/nonsymmetrical placement
-off-centre narthex forced visitors to readjust position when entering the church. They passed through dark ambulatory and then into the light-filled dome area. Created other-worldly experience. |
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Term
| BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
HAGIA SOPHIA, ISTANBUL, TURKEY 532-537CE
-most monumental use of dome on pendetives to give it a floating appearance
-became a mosque in 1453
-much of the artwork/mosaics were whitewashed and later uncovered when it became a museum |
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Term
| ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA, SPAIN 10th century
-red & white voussoir arches
-hypostyle hall
-space creates illusion of "never ending"
-Umayyad Dynasty |
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Term
| ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
THE ALHAMBRA (RED PALACE), GRANADA, SPAIN 1354-1391CE
-also Court of the Lions
-Nasrid Dynasty
-horshoe arches
-decorated with arabesques & calligraphy |
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Term
| ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
PALACE CHAPEL OF CHARLEMAGNE, AACHEN, GERMANY 792-805CE
-Based on the Byzantine church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy
-Charlemagne focused on the classicism of Rome Empire to reinstate it's former glory
-3 tonne bronze doors known as "Wolf's Doors"
-4 major relics and Charlemagne are still housed there
-Carolingian feature the west entrance or Westwork |
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Term
| ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
ST. MICHAEL'S AT HILDESHEIM, GERMANY 961CE
-Architect Bishop Bernward, Ottonian
-Bronze doors made using lost-wax process
-Typology on the doors; Old Testament themes offset with New Testament themes
-most monumental lost-wax bronze production since antiquity |
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Term
| ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN 1075-1120CE
-pilgrimage plan church
-tomb of St. James
-typanum sculpture of the Last Judgement
-pure Early Romanesque, with a cruciform shape, barrel-vaulted ceilings, two side aisles along the nave, and numerous chapels |
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Term
| GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
ABBEY CHURCH OF SAINT-DENIS, FRANCE 1137-1144CE
-Built by Abbott Suger
-circular windows called "rose windows"
-main focus, verticality
-first true Gothic church
-stained glass windows
-used Greek writings of Dionysius' regarding light & numerical harmony |
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Term
| ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
CLUNY III, FRANCE 1088CE
-built on theories of perfect numbers & musical harmonies
-Largest nave covered with barrel vault with double pointed arches
-2 transepts (double cross plan) |
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Term
| GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
CHARTRES CATHEDRAL, FRANCE 1194-1220CE
-high gothic style
-flying buttresses on exterior to allow for larger windows in clerestory
-Chartres features a variety of decorative elements that enhance its sense of verticality, including pinnacles (miniature spires) and finials (terminal decorations atop vertical elements). The crowning triangular panel between the towers (a standard feature of Gothic churches) serves to cover the tip of the gable roof. |
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Term
| GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
SALISBURY CATHEDRAL, ENGLAND 1320-1330CE
-early english Gothic style
-pointed arch, ribbed vault, flying buttress
-double transept
-long, low, sprawling architecture |
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Term
| GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLE |
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Definition
SIENA CATHEDRAL, ITALY 1260-1299CE
-designed by Giovanni Pisano, son of famous Nicola Pisano
-Italien Gothic style
-naturalism
-pulpit by Nicola featured after he completed the pulpit for Pisa Cathedral
-no triforium
-columns & clerestory of black & white striped marble |
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Term
| FEATURES OF ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE |
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Definition
-massive quality
-thick walls
-round arches
-groin vaults
-decorative arcading |
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