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The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity. |
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A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, or as a circular strand of DNA in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the mitochondrion and chloroplast of certain eukaryotes. |
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One member of a pair (or any of the series) of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome that controls the same trait. |
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The location of a gene (or of a significant sequence) on a chromosome, as in genetic locus. |
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A Mendelian law which holds that one from the pair of alleles coding for a particular trait would be expressed whereas the other is unexpressed. The allele expressed for a particular trait is regarded as the dominant whereas the other is considered recessive. |
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Gregor Mendel's law stating that paired alleles separate during gamete formation. Each gamete contains only one copy of every paired unit factors. |
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Law of Independent Assortment |
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Mendelian law stating that for every pair of unit factors, each of them would assort independently into the newly formed gametes. |
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A measure of the likelihood of a statement or a theoretical expectation is correct |
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Observable characteristics of an organism |
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Pair of alleles present in and individual. |
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two alleles of trait are the same (YY or yy) |
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two alleles of trait are different (Yy) |
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Cross of two different true-breeding strains (homozygotes) that differ in a single trait. |
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Cross of two different true-breeding strains (homozygotes) that differ in two traits. |
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1st filial generation, progeny of the P generation |
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2nd filial generation, progeny of the F1 generation (F3 and so on). |
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Crossing an organism with dominant genotype to a recessive homozygote for a specific phenotype in order to determine dominance/recessiveness of the unknown genotype and the pattern of inheritance based on the phenotype of each progeny. |
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