Term
|
Definition
| an enduring pattern of behavior to be considered to be both conscious and unconscious and reflects a means of adapting to a particular enviornment and it's cultural, ethical, and community standards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviates markedly from the expextation of the individual's culture. |
|
|
Term
| 4 characteristics of Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
1)inflexible and maladaptive response to stress
2)disability in working and loving
3) aility to evoke interpersonal conflict
4) Capacity to get under the skin of others |
|
|
Term
| Inflexible and Maladaptive response to stress |
|
Definition
| personality pattern persist unmodified over long periods of time. These rigid behaviors serves the fxn of controlling deep anxiety for the individual |
|
|
Term
| Disability in working and loving |
|
Definition
usually more serious and percasive than other d/o's. Certain characteristics observed are similar to those seen in people with mood disorders and schizophrenic d/o's.
Withdrawl, gradiosity, and suspiciousness. Individual has normal ego fxn and reality testing. |
|
|
Term
| Ability to evoke interpersonal conflict |
|
Definition
| intense emotional upheaves and hostility lead to frequent interpersonal conflicts. Lacks the ability to see themself objectively. They lack the desire to alter aspects of their behavior to inrich and maintain important relationships. |
|
|
Term
| Capacity to get under the skin |
|
Definition
| Tendency to merge personal boundaries with others. This merging is manifested by the intense effect they have on others. Is usually unconscious and result is undesirable. |
|
|
Term
| Cluster A Personality Disorders |
|
Definition
Paranoid, Schizoid, schizotypal
generally avoid interpersonal relationships, have unusual beliefs, and may be indifferent to the reactions of others. |
|
|
Term
| Cluster B Personality Disorders |
|
Definition
| Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, Narcissistic |
|
|
Term
| Cluster C Personality Disorders |
|
Definition
| Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive compulsive, NOS |
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV Criteria for a personality Disorder |
|
Definition
1) Cognation
2)Affectivity
3) Interpersonal fxn
4) Impulse control
5) Enduring patttern in inflexable and persvasive across a broad range of situations.
6) Leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other importan areas
7)not better accounted for in another d/o.
8) Not due to substance use or medical condition. |
|
|
Term
| Biological determinants of Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
| PDs may represent an extreme variationi of a natural tendency associated with some underlying neurobiological mechanisim. |
|
|
Term
Biological Determinants
( inherited personality traits |
|
Definition
1) Novelty seeking 6)Introversion
2) Conscientiousness 7) harm avoident
3) Reward dependance 8)Antagonism
4) Persistence 9) Closedness
5) Neuroticism( neg afftect) |
|
|
Term
extreme introversion may predispose
excessive antagonism & undependability
High levels of neuroticism and extraversion |
|
Definition
Schiziod PD
antisocial PD
Historic PD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The learning theory emphasizes that the child develops maladaptive responses based on modeling and reinforcementby others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explains that excessive anxiety are caused by a disotrtion in thinking that is amendable to correction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to icorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image. Is the primary defense used by individuals with borderline personality disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Paranoid personailty disorders |
|
Definition
| characterized by distrust and suspiciousness toward others, based on the belief that others want to harm, exploit, and decieve the person. These individuals are hypervigilant,anticipate hostality, and may provoke hostile responses. They demonstrate jealousy, controling behaviors, and unwillingness to forgive. they are reluctant to share info about themselves. |
|
|
Term
| Schizoid Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
| has the primary features of emotional detachment. Do not seek out or enjoy interpersonal relationships. may be able to fxn in a solitary occupation but shows indifference to praise or criticism. may be a precursor to schizophrenia or delusional disorder. increased prevalence of the disorder in famlies w/ schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
| central characteristics of odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties. Has an eccentric appearance and shows majical thinking or perceptual distortion that are not clear delisions or hallucinations. can not understand the interpersonal cues in social situations and relates inappropiately to others. may seek help related to the increased anxiety felt in social relationships. |
|
|
Term
Cluster B:
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narccisitic |
|
Definition
| Cluster_____________??? has dramatic behavior. |
|
|
Term
Cluster B Personality disorder* (Dramatic)
Histrionic Personality disorder |
|
Definition
Use of suicidal gestures to get attention
sexual seduction and flamboyance
dramatic speech style
craving for immediate satisfaction
somatiziation |
|
|
Term
Cluster B (dramatic)
Border line Pers. Disorder |
|
Definition
Self mutilates
sucidal ideation
negative angry affect
intense stormy relationships
impulsive acts
cannot be alone, feels abandoned |
|
|
Term
Cluster C Personality disorder
Obsessive Compulsive PD |
|
Definition
preoccupied with perfection
exessive devotion to work
rejection of praise
rule concious behavior
reluctance to delegate
procrastination |
|
|
Term
Cluster C (anxious/fearful
dependent personality disorder |
|
Definition
Clings to people
cant express negative emotions
cannot follow thru on a task
cannot make an independent decision |
|
|
Term
Cluster C ( anxious /fearful)
Avoidant personality disorder |
|
Definition
Fears criticism
negative sense of self |
|
|
Term
Cluster A:
paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal |
|
Definition
| Cluster that is described as the odd or eccentric cluster: |
|
|
Term
Cluster A :
paranoid schizoid and schizotypal |
|
Definition
| All types in this cluster have difficulty relating to others; will isolate; cannot socialize |
|
|
Term
Cluster A: (odd/eccentric)
schiotypal disorder |
|
Definition
believes that all events are related to themselves
strong belief/preoccupaton in the paranormal and magical
believes they have magical control over others
socially anxious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conversion of anger into walking the dog/soccer/build a house |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes it out on the dog is an example of ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cold and anylitical/keeps in the analyzing and doesnt deal with anger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addicts and alcoholics are most often in a state of ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual Abuse victims are often in a state of ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The increase in eating disorders in the late 20th century has coincided with 3 major cultural trends.
Name these 3 cultural trends.
1-
2-
3- |
|
Definition
1- fashon industry
2- diet & fitness industry
3- womens movement |
|
|
Term
Characterized primarily by binge eating & purging behavior:
a) anorexia nervosa
b) bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Characterized primarily by self starvation & distorted body imaage:
a) anorexia nervosa
b) bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sociocultural factors that contribute greatly to the growing trend of eating disorders are all of the following except:
a) diet & fitness industry
b) fashion industry
c) women’s liberation movement
d) perfectionism
e) developmental peer pressure |
|
Definition
d) perfectionism
This is a psychogenic factor |
|
|
Term
Psychogenic factors that are associated with eating disorders are all of the following except:
a) Family HX of depression
b) Low self-esteem
c) Perfectionism
d) Affective instability
e) "people pleaser” mentality |
|
Definition
a) Family HX of depression
This is considered a biological factor |
|
|
Term
Familial factors associated with eating disorders are all of the following except:
a) Enmeshment
b) Affective instability
c) Poor conflict resolution
d) Separation issues
e) Alcoholism or sexual abuse |
|
Definition
b) Affective instability
This is considered to be a a psychogenic factor |
|
|
Term
The etiology of eating disorders is broken down into 4 categories. Identify which of the following categories is not associated with the etiology of eating disorders:
a) biologic factors
b) sociocultural factors
c) cultural factors
d) psychologic factors
e) familial factors |
|
Definition
c) cultural factors
this is a factor in the epidemiology |
|
|
Term
Rapidly fluctuating moods is termed:
a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Difficulty naming & expressing emotions is referred to as:
a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The inability to correctly identify & respond to bodily sensations is called:
a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization |
|
Definition
| e) interoceptive deficits |
|
|
Term
Individuals who view situations as either all good or all bad:
a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Individuals that feel soley responsible for the happiness & failure of others:
a) social insecurity
b) alexythemia
c) affective instability
d) interpersonal distrust
e) interoceptive deficits
f) dichotomous thinking
g) erroneous control
h) personalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals who compare themselves endlessly with others & believe everything other people do is a reaction to them: |
|
|
Term
serotonergic
Bulemia nervosa responds favorably to SSRI's, ESPECIALLY PROZAC |
|
Definition
| The high co-mormidity of depression & eating disorders has been carefully studied for a bilogic linl. Which abnormality has been noted in both anorexia & bulemia, & even in recovered bulemics: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nowadays, eating disorders can be found in all socioeconomica levels, races, & cultures with a range of interactive styles. HOwever, many family environments of persons w/eating disorders are tense, rigid, & ____? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nowadays, eating disorders can be found in all socioeconomica levels, races, & cultures with a range of interactive styles. HOwever, many family environments of persons w/eating disorders are tense, rigid, & ____? |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosed in 40-75% of individuals with eating disorders: |
|
Definition
| depression is dx in % of clients w/ EDs and more commonly in bulimia |
|
|
Term
| ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER |
|
Definition
| PERVASIVE PATTERN OF DISREGARD FOR AND VIOLATION OF THE RUGHTS OF OTHERS OCCURING ABOUT 15 Y/O |
|
|
Term
| Indication of Antisocial Personality D/O |
|
Definition
| 1) Failure to conform to social norms, Deceitfullness, Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead, Reckless disregard for safety, consistant irresponsibility, lack of remorse, @ least 18 y/o, onset b/f 15 |
|
|
Term
| Narcissistic personality disorder |
|
Definition
| Pervasive pattern of grandiiosity (fantacy and behavior), need for admiration, lack of empathy, begins in early adulthood and present in variety of contexts. |
|
|
Term
| % or more indication must be present for Narcissistic disorder |
|
Definition
| 1)has grandiose sense of self-importance 2)is preoccupied w/ fantacies of unlimmited success 3)believe he or she is uniquely special and only relate to higher classes 4)requires excessive admiration 5) sense of entitlement 6) is interpersonally exploitative 7)lacks empathy 8)often envious of others or believes others are envious of self 9)shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes. |
|
|
Term
| Bordserline personality disorder |
|
Definition
| pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts |
|
|
Term
| 5 of more indications must be present for Borderline personality disorder |
|
Definition
| 1) frantic to avoid real or imagined abandonment. 2)unstable or intense pattern in intrapersonal relationships 3)idenity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
severe persistant neurologic diseases that affect a persons - perceptions(hallucinations and delusions),
- Thinking ( delusions,paranoia,disorganized thinking),
- Language(associative looseness, poverty of speech),
- Emotions(apathy,anhedonia,depression), and
- social behavior(agressive, bizarre, or extreme social withdrawl.)
|
|
|
Term
| major symptoms seen in psychotic disorders are... |
|
Definition
- hallucinations,
- delusions, and
- disorganized thinking.
|
|
|
Term
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative Symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
are more subtle and are most damaging to the client's quality of life. these symptoms include: . - feelings of emptiness,
- amotivational states,
- anhedonia, and
- apathy.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poor problems solving, poor decision making skills, illogical thinking~ all need to be targeted when caring for the client. |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of schizophrenia usually become apparent -----------and paranoid schizophrenia has a _______onset |
|
Definition
Men: 15-25 and Women:25-35 Later |
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV- criteria for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Characteristic symptoms: two |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Repetition of another's words that is parrot-like and inappropriate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics; Sudden shifts withough apparent relationship to preceding topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual e.g.: The belief that the tv commentator is talking directly to the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Restricts thinking to the literal and immediate so that the individual have private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Lack of abstration in thinking; Inability to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorganized thinking Repitition of words of phrases that are similar in sound but in no other way e.g.:Right, sight, light, might |
|
|
Term
| Neurocognitive impairment |
|
Definition
Independent of positive and negative symptoms
Affects memory (short- and long-term), vigilance, verbal fluency, and executive functioning (volition, planning, purposive action, and self-monitoring behavior) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
Usually comes about if the person believes someone is going to do him or her harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Behaving in a manner of a less mature lige stage
Childlike and immature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorganized behavior
Systained attendtion to external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that actually exist in the external environment
e.g.: Wrinkles in the bed sheets talking to the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
Can involve any of the 5 senses
Auditory and visual are typical, with auditory being the most common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Erroneous fixed, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
e.g.: Grandoise, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that one has exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that one is being watched, ridiculed, harmed, or plotted against |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that one is dead or a calamity is impending |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structures |
|
|
Term
| Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
Difficult expressing emotion
Laugh, cry, and get angry less than often
Flat affect
Ambivalence
Inability to complete simple activities of daily living (dressing, combing hair)
Anhedonia
Cause individuals to withdraw and suffer feelings of severe isolation |
|
|
Term
| Extrapyramidal side effects |
|
Definition
Movement disorders caused by some antipsychotics
Related to the blockade of dopamine
Include dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia
Managed by restoring balance between acetylcholine and dopamine (use or anticholinergic drug or reducing dosage of antipsychotic) |
|
|
Term
Dystonia
or
Dystonic reactions |
|
Definition
EPS
Develops rapidly and dramatically
More common in yound men
Characterized by tense muscles and body contortions
Patients first report thick tongue, tight jaw, or stiff neck
Oculogyric crisis, Torticollis, Retrocollis, Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dystonia
Muscles that control eye movements tense and pull the eyeball so that the patient is looking toward the ceiling
Eyes appear "rolled back" into the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A chronic EPS
Characterized by irregular, repetative involuntary movements of the mouth, face, and tongue including chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering of the lips, and rapid eye blinking
Abnormal fnger movements may also occur
Onset after no less than 6 months of treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EPS
Looks just like Parkisnson's disease
Rigidity, akinesia (slowed movement), and tremor are the classic triad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EPS
Patients are restlessness, report feeling the need to keep moving, feel very uncomfortable |
|
|
Term
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) |
|
Definition
Life-threatening medical emergency
Characterized by hyperthermia and severe muscle rigidity along with mental status changes, hyper/hypotension, tachypnea/hypoxia, diaphoresis, tremor, or incontinence |
|
|
Term
What are the low potency typical antipsychotic agents
What is the mechanism of the low potency typical anti-psychotics? |
|
Definition
thioridizine and chlorpromazine
block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors |
|
|
Term
| What are the atypical anti-psychotics? |
|
Definition
| clozapine, aripiprazole, risperdone, olanzapine |
|
|
Term
| TX. FOR PT. EXPERIENCING NEUROPLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME (NMS) |
|
Definition
D/C DRUG
MONITOR VITALS
MONITOR DEGREE OF MUSCLE RIGIDITY
MONITOR I & O
MONITOR LOC
PERLODEL OR DANTRIUM MAY BE ORDERED TO COUNTERACT EFFECTS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE DECANOATE INJECTIONS? WHAT IS THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR USE? |
|
Definition
EXTENDED RELEASE ANTIPSYCHOTICS .
INCREASED RISK OF NMS |
|
|
Term
| What does the dopamine theory believe R/T schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| that positive symptoms of schizo result from excessive activity of dopamine in the brain |
|
|
Term
| What are neuroleptic medications? |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotics, like fluphenazine (Prolixin), thioridazine (Mellaril), and haloperidol (Haldol) |
|
|
Term
| What are some parts of diagnosis of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| altered thought processes, self care deficits, social isolation, risk for self harm, ineffective management of therapeutic regimen |
|
|
Term
| What are some parts of assessment |
|
Definition
| functionality, s/s of disorder, therapeutic effect of medications, side effect of medications, response to support therapies |
|
|
Term
| What should you ask when assessing hallucinations |
|
Definition
| are you still having them? are they getting better? how they're interfering with ADLs or levels of functioning, stay with clients, talk to clients in short simple sentences, ask what is happening, identify triggers in environment, encourage description of feelings related to the hallucinations, do not argue about what is or is not occuring, teach self management techniques to help cope with hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| What are some interventions for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| establish rapport (trust essential, active listening), safety issues (psychological and physical, self and others),, manage hallucinations and delusions, de-escalate anxiety, use medication as necessary, prevent escalation, family education, provide information |
|
|
Term
| How can you tell if the patient is experiencing hallucinations |
|
Definition
| inappropriate laughter and grinning, observe behavior (conversations with unseen people), inattention to the task at hand, listening intently with ear cocked, smelling food, body, or wrinkling nose, suddenly acting startled, refusing to eat and drink, slapping at invisible things, isolative behavior |
|
|
Term
| What are some basic interventions for patients who are self mutilating |
|
Definition
| nonjudgmental, caring, setting limits to minimize further injury, attempt to build trust, client centered goals revovled around a behavioral contract that identifies mutual expectations, client responsibility and consequences for behavior, encourage communication about self injury, decrease feelings of shame and self criticism, help identify better coping skills to address stressors and feelings rather than self mutilation behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Haphazard and confused thinking that is manifested in jumbled and illogical speech and reasoning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thinking that is not bound to reality but reflects the private perceptual world of the individual. Delusions, hallucinations, and neoligisms are examples of this in a person with schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to simultaneously holding two opposing emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes toward the same person, situation, or object. Normally occurs in all relationships, but in this case it is paralyzing because the person continuously vacillates between opposing positions. |
|
|
Term
| acute phase of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Phase of schizophrenia where periods of florid positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) as well as negative symptoms (apathy, withdrawal) occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase of schizophrenia when symptoms decrease in severity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase of schizophrenia where symptoms are in remission, though there might be mild persistent symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Ideas of Reference (delusion) |
|
Definition
| Misconstruing trivial events and remarks and giving them personal significance. Belefs that some events have a special meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that one's thoughts can be heard by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor patterns that originally had meaning to the person but are now mechanical or lack purpose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the performance by a catatonic client of all simple commands in a robotlike fashion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seen in catatonia. Excessive maintenance of posture. Is evidenced by excessive maintenance of posture. Ex: nurse raises client's arm, and client holds this position until nurse lowers it. |
|
|
