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Merrill's Chapter 10
Chest
60
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
09/12/2011

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
____________ separates thoracic from abdominal cavity
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Thoracic cavity contains
Definition
lungs and heart, the organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems, the inferior portion of the esophagus, and the thymus gland
Term
3 chambers of the thoracic cavity
Definition

Pericardial cavity

Right and left pleural cavities

Term
Respiratory System (4 parts)
Definition

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Two lungs

Term
Trachea lies in the midline, _________ to the esophagus.
Definition
anterior
Term
Carina
Definition
hooklike process on the the last tracheal cartilage where the trachea bifurcates
Term
Which bronchus is shorter, wider, & more vertical?
Definition

right primary bronchus

Why is this significant?

Term
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged by diffusion in __________
Definition
alveoli
Term
___________ is the superior portion of the lungs.
Definition
Apex
Term
________ is the inferior portion of the lungs.
Definition
Base
Term
__________ are the most inferior & lateral part of the lungs.
Definition
Costophrenic angles
Term
The medial border of the lungs is the _______.
Definition
Hilum
Term
The right lung is shorter than the left lung due to __________________.
Definition
Presence of the liver
Term
The diaphragm moves inferiorly during _________.
Definition
Inspiration
Term
The diaphragm moves superiorly during __________.
Definition
Expiration
Term
Lungs inner layer
Definition
visceral pleura
Term
Lungs outer layer
Definition
parietal pleura
Term
Right lung has ________ lobes.
Definition
three
Term
Left lung has _______ lobes.
Definition
two
Term
Each lung enclosed in a double-walled serous membrane sac called the ______.
Definition
Pleura
Term
Mediastinum separates _______ _______.
Definition
Pleural cavities
Term
Mediastinum contains:
Definition
heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus (everything except lungs)
Term
Which body habitus will the lungs be the shortest
Definition
hypersthenic
Term
Which body habitus will the lungs be longest?
Definition
asthenic
Term

Chest recommended SID

 

Why?

Definition

72 inches

increase recorded detail &

decrease magnification of the heart

Term

Chest radiography is done with the patient ___________ whenever possible.

 

Why?

Definition

upright

 

demonstrate air/fluid levels, better inhalation

Term
PA Chest Technique
Definition
110 kVp outer cells
Term
Lateral Chest Technique
Definition
125 kVp center cell
Term
Emphsyema
Definition
Destructive & obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs
Term
Metastases
Definition
Transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another
Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
Acute infection in the lung parenchyma
Term

Aspirated foreign bodies are more likely to go down the _________ primary bronchus.

 

Why?

Definition
Right Shorter, wider, more vertical
Term

PA Chest - shoulders are ______________.

 

Why?

Definition

rolled forward

 

move scapulae laterally out of the lung fields

Term
PA Chest CR
Definition

enters MSP @ the level of T7

 

parallel to MSP

 

perpendicular to IR

Term
PA Chest & Lateral Chest top of IR
Definition
1.5 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders
Term
PA Chest & Lateral Chest exposure made at the end of __________________________.
Definition
second deep inspiration
Term
PA Chest Evaluation Criteria
Definition

Rib and T-spine shadows seen through heart shadow

Lung markings visible

Entire lung fields from apices to costophrenic angles

 

No rotation

  • Sternal ends of clavicles equidistant from vertebral column
  • Trachea visible in midline Scapulae projected outside of lung fields 10 posterior ribs visible above diaphragm
Term
Lateral Chest CR
Definition

enters MCP @ the level of T7

 

parallel to MCP

 

perpendicular to IR

Term
Lateral Chest Evaluation Criteria
Definition
  • Superimposition of ribs posterior to vertebral column Lateral sternum
  • Costophrenic angles and lower apices included
  • Penetration of lungs and heart
  • Open thoracic intervertebral disk spaces and intervertebral foramina, except in patients with scoliosis
  • Sharp outlines of heart and diaphragm
  • Hilum in center
Term
AP Chest CR entrance point
Definition
3" below the jugular notch on the MSP
Term
AP Chest respiration
Definition
exposure made after 2nd full inspiration
Term
AP Chest top of IR
Definition

1.5 to 2 inches above shoulder

 

(same as PA & Lat)

Term
AP Chest evaluation criteria
Definition
  • Medial portion of clavicles equidistant from vertebral column
  • Trachea in midline Clavicles lying more horizontal and obscuring more of apices than in PA
  • Equal distance from vertebral column to lateral border of ribs on each side
  • Ribs and thoracic vertebrae visible through heart shadow
  • Entire lung fields from apices to angles
  • Pleural markings visible
Term
AP Axial Chest (Lordotic position)patient position
Definition

Upright standing ~1 foot in front of bucky

 

shoulders leaned back

Term
AP Axial Chest top of IR
Definition
3" above shoulder w/ pt in lordotic position
Term
AP axial chest breathing instructions
Definition
exposure made after 2nd full inspiration
Term
AP Axial Chest CR
Definition

perpendicular to IR

 

(patient's position leaning back affects the AXIAL projection rather than angling the CR)

Term
AP Axial Chest Evaluation Criteria
Definition
  • Clavicles lying superior to apices
  • Sternal ends of clavicles equidistant from vertebral column
  • Apices and lungs in their entirety
  • Clavicles horizontal with medial ends overlapping first or second ribs
  • Ribs distorted with anterior and posterior portions almost superimposed
Term
AP/PA lateral decubitus chest to demonstrate fluid pt should lie on the ____________ side
Definition
affected
Term

AP/PA lateral decubitus chest to demonstrate free air,

pt should like on

the ______________ side

Definition
unaffected
Term

How long should pt lie in decubitus position

before making exposure for

optimal pathology demonstration?

Definition
5 minutes
Term
Lateral decubitus chest top of IR
Definition
1.5 to 2 inches above shoulder
Term

AP/PA Projection

 

Lateral decubitus postion

 

chest CR

Definition

horizontal and perpendicular to IR

 

enters MSP 3" below jugular notch for AP

 

enters MSP @ level of T7 for PA

Term
Lateral decubitus chest breathing instructions
Definition
exposure made after 2nd full inpiration
Term
Lateral Decubitus Chest Evaluation Criteria
Definition
  • No rotation
  • Clavicles equidistant from spine
  • Entire affected side demonstrated
  • Proper ID to indicate decubitus performed
  •  Arms not visible in anatomy of interest
Term

Lateral projection -

 

Ventral or Dorsal Decubitus position

 

top of IR

Definition
level of thyroid cartilage
Term

Lateral projection -

 

Ventral or Dorsal Decubitus position

 

CR

Definition

horizontal and perpendicular to IR

 

Enters MCP

Term

Lateral projection - Ventral or Dorsal Decubitus position

 

breathing instructions

Definition
exposure made after 2nd full inspiration
Term

Lateral projection - Ventral or Dorsal Decubitus Position

 

Evaluation Criteria

Definition
Entire lungs
No rotation
Arms not seen in upper lungs
Proper markers to indicate decubitus performed
T7 in center of IR
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