Term
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Definition
Kunz Axe
Olmec
Middle Formative
900-300 BC
Jade
Used in ceremonies - jade
Drilling in corner of the mouth
Self-referential |
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Term
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Definition
El Manati
Early Formative
1040 BC
Wood
Breaks convention of art progession
Head shapes are different
realism/naturalism
expression
epithantic folds
Found in sacred space - cenote - springs or wells
Presence of pigment
No decay
Ritually wrapped
petates - mats that covered them
Figments of human infant bones
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Term
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Definition
Colossal Olmec Head #1
San Lorenzo - Texistepc, State of Veracruz
1200-900BC
Early Formative
Basalt
Assumed to be a ruler
Materials were miles away - shows purpose
Helmet - rulership or sports
Some may have had color
Drilling on the sides of mouth
Used as throne
Animal skins on helmet
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Term
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Definition
The Wrestler
Early to Middle Formative
1500 BCE and 400 BCE
Basalt
Is it fake?
In the round
Facial features - more asian
epicanthic folds
body position
mustache
Breaks convention of olmec art |
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Term
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Definition
Hero Twins
Early Formative
1100-800 BC
Stone
Cleft
Crinkled paper headdresses
offerings of rubber sap
jaguar and two humans
humans subservient to the jaguar
Were-jaguar
Sphinx-like
Site was significant
Anne Cypher Gullin discovered it
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Term
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Definition
Olmec
Present day Tobasco
oil refineries endangered the area
Civic and ceremonial
dominated by sacred complex
arrangement is important
Great Pyramid 110 ft high
earliest pyramids
volcanoes
current shape due to corrosion
never been excavated
Lauck - archeologist
Middle formative
900-400 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Mound,
north of great pyramid
Basalt columns
restricted to the elite
4 construction phases
beneathe mounds - offerings
50 diff caches, offering sets
jade, mirrors, moasic, pavements
Mosaic pavenits
485 blocks of serpentine
Looks like olme dragons and jaguars
burued
Monument 19
earliest example of feathered serpment in mesoamerica
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Term
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Definition
Public gathering sit and look at complex A
more available to non-elite
Everything designed 8 degrees west of north |
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Term
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Definition
Buried Mosaic
La Venta
500 blocks of serpentine
Middle Formative
900-400 BC
HCleft
Dragon on jaguar
purposeful, ritually buried |
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Term
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Definition
Colossal Heads @ La Venta
850/700 BC
9 ft
Basalt
La Venta
Carried from over 80 miles away
More squat than San Lorenzo
Lower relief
Darer skin
better sense of purpose |
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Term
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Definition
Altar 4
La Venta
900-400 BCE
Stone
Same pose with hands
Master of his captives - or ancestors
Low Relief
Shaman or diety
Elements that look like were-jaguar
Jaguar pelt design on top
associated with rulership
May have been a throne
Multiplicity between animal and human |
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Term
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Definition
Monument 19
La Venta
900-400
Earliest representation of feathered serpent
quetzlcoatl
Middle relief
overlooks the site
human/priest engulfed by the feathered serpent
identified by his bag as a priest
shaman is being transformed into the serpent and they become one |
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Term
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Definition
Offering 4
C2
La Venta
Serpentine, Jade, Basalt
900-400
Found in same position as buried
was looked at 100 years after buried but recovered
figures facing the basalt figure
carved in the round
6 celt columns, 15 jade and serpentine figures
knew where it was through oral tradition
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Term
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Definition
Youth w/ Rain - Monument 1
Middle Formative
800-300
Greenstone
Youth is holding sleeping rain god
incisions rep dragons, sharks, birds on cheeks legs and rain god
Were-jaguar - face of rain god
Orignially had color
evidence of body painting/tatoo
This and kunz at the largest figures in detail |
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Term
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Definition
Baby Figurine
Early Middle formative
900-500 bc
Ceramic
baby
helmet looks like olmec helmet
stamps on back of body
ritual tattooing - body paint
Found fragmented and put back together |
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Term
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Definition
El Rey
Petroglyph 1
Middle Formative
800-300 BC
Thought to be female but still called the king
Chalcatzingo
Birds eye view
representation of water, rain and plants
schematic landscape
rain = important
sets sim. to figure at la venta |
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Term
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Definition
Olmec Lord
Painting of Oxotitlan
Early of Mid. formative
900-300
wall painting
Sim to la Venta monument 19
man insted of an animal
green owl as a symbol
yellow greens and reds
bird suit opposed to serpent suit
man is ruler because he's sitting on an alater-like throne
reliance on nature |
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