Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you have high serum glucose? |
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Definition
high serum glucose
pancreatic beta cells
insulin
low serum glucose |
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Term
| what happens when you have low serum glucose? |
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Definition
low serum glucose
pancreatic alpha cells
glucogan
high serum glucose |
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Term
| What makes it possible to start digesting in the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| protein on the outer membrane of cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
allow glucose to flow into cell
extremely specific |
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Term
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Definition
GLUT I
GLUT II
GLUT III
GLUT IV
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Term
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Definition
present under normal physiological conditions
(normal door) |
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Term
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Definition
inducible by high serum glucose levels
(double door) |
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Term
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Definition
lets glucose come in uninhibited
sensing mechanism for the liver, alpha and beta cells
trigger for production of insulin or glucagon
(barn door) |
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Term
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Definition
metabolic pathway
glucose-------->pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
high energy molecule
negative charge density
when take/split phosphate off... releaving negative charge repulsion.... more stable
12 resonance structures when 3 phosphates connected.... 24 resonance structires when 1 phosphate is split off... more stable |
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Term
| where does glycolosis and krbs cycle take place? |
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Definition
glycolos--->cytoplasm
krebs cycle--->mitochondria |
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Term
| every one molecule of glucose is how many ATP during one glycolosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why does ATP double after the split in glycolosis? |
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Definition
| principle of equillibrium and lashantianays principle |
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Term
| Glycolosis is how many ATP, GTP, NADH, FADH2? |
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Definition
ATP--->(-2)(+2*2)
NADH--->(1*2) |
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Term
| Other names for the Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
Krebs cycle
TCA cycle (Tri-carbocylic acid cycle)
Citric acid cycle
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Term
| How many ATP, NADH,GTP, FADH2 in KREBS? |
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Definition
ATP--->
NADH---> (+4*2)
GTP---> (+1*2)
FADH2--->(+1*2) |
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Term
| Every Krebs cycle produces how many ATP total? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the step that the pyruvate turns to the Acetyl coenzyme A? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Where NADH goes in the electron transport chain to start
4H+ cross the membrane |
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Term
| What is produced during pyruvate dehydrogenase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Calculations of total ATP through glycosis, PDH, and krebs cycle |
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Definition
glycosis--->7 ATP
PDH--->5 ATP
Krebs cycle--->20 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
mobile electron carrier
stays in membrane
next step after complex I |
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Term
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Definition
mobile electron carrier
stays on outer surface of membrane
next step after complex III |
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Term
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Definition
next step after coenzyme Q
4H+ go through membrane |
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Term
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Definition
2H++1/2O2----->H2O
2H+ go through membrane
next step after cyt C |
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Term
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Definition
does no t pump H+
does not span whole membrane
where FADH2 enters electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| electron transport chain with FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
Process of ATP transporting out of matrix to be used
uses one H+ |
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Term
| Adenine nucleoide transporter |
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Definition
| doesnt cost energy because net charge of (-) is being shipped to (+) side |
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Term
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Definition
sends (-) to (-) side
cost energy
allows H+ to come with it for net movement of charge 0 |
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Term
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Definition
| NADH calculations----> 2.5ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| FADH2 calculations----> 1.5ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| same as NADH minus the 4H+ from complex I because FADH2 starts at complex II |
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Term
| Making glycogen steps (synthesis) |
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Definition
glycogen synthase
glycogen branching |
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Term
| degrading of glycogen (degradation) |
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Definition
glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen debranching enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
generates linear alpha (1-->4) glycogen chain
no branches |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme generates alpha(1-->6) branch points |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme that breaks glycogen down
cuts one at a time
stops 2 glucose away from branch point |
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Term
| glycogen debranching enzyme |
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Definition
breaks down branch points
transferase
glucosidase |
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Term
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Definition
| moves the four glucose glycogen phosphorylase couldnt break down to the next linear line of glucoses |
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Term
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Definition
| cuts/chops off branch points |
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Term
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Definition
regulation of glycogen metabolism in the liver
low serum glucose |
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Term
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Definition
insulin regulation
high serum glucose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
adds phosphate to protein
regulates protein activity
turns off glycogen synthase
turns on glycogen phosphorlase |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in cytoplasm
condensation--->reduction--->dehydration--->reduction
every round adds 2 carbons |
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Term
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Definition
mitochondrial matrix
aka... beta oxidation
oxidation--->hydration--->oxidation--->thiolysis/cleaving
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Term
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Definition
triacyl glycerol
in adipocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AcCOA cant pass through to go to matrix from cytoplasm
carnitine can pass through |
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Term
| carnitine Acyl transferase I |
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Definition
exchange AcCOA and carnitine
can go through membrane
carnitine on |
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Term
| carnitine acyl transporter |
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Definition
transports carnitine fatty acid through membrane
only with carnitine |
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Term
| carnitine acyl transferase II |
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Definition
exchange AcCOA and carnitine so beta oxidation can happen
carnitine off |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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