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Meteorology for Pilots
Jeppesen Chapter 6
68
Aviation
Professional
06/20/2013

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Cards

Term
What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points?
Definition
Unequal heating of the earth's surface.

AW
Term
The wind at 5,000 ft AGL is southwesterly while the surface wind is southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due to
Definition
friction between the wind and the surface.

AW
Term
Convective circulation patterns associated with sea breezes are caused by
Definition
cool, dense air moving inland from over the water.

AW
Term
How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?
Definition
Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability.

PHB
Term
Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a
Definition
heat exchange.

AW
Term
A temperature inversion would most likely result in which weather condition?
Definition
An increase in temperature as altitude is increased.

AW
Term
The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by
Definition
terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.

AW
Term
Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?
Definition
Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

AW
Term
What is meant by the term "dewpoint"?
Definition
The temperature at which air must be cooled to become saturated.

AW
Term
The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the
Definition
air temperature.

AW
Term
Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when
Definition
water vapor condenses.

AW
Term
What are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air?
Definition
Evaporation and condensation.

AW
Term
Which conditions result in the formation of frost?
Definition
The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

AW
Term
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that there
Definition
is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a higher altitude.

AW
Term
What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?
Definition
Actual lapse rate.

AW
Term
What would decrease the stability of an air mass?
Definition
warming from below.

AW
Term
What is a characteristic of stable air?
Definition
Stratiform clouds

AW
Term
Moist, stable air flowing upslope can be expected to
Definition
produce stratus type clouds.

AW
Term
IF an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected?
Definition
Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence.

AW
Term
What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?
Definition
A stable layer of air.
Term
What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1,000 ft MSL is 70F and the dewpoint is 48F?
Definition
6,000 ft MSL

AW
Term
At approximately what altitude above the surface would the pilot expect the base of cumuliform clouds if the surface air temperature is 82F and the dewpoint is 38F?
Definition
10,000 ft AGL

AW
Term
What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?
Definition
Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

AW
Term
What are characteristics of unstable air?
Definition
Turbulence and good surface visibility.

AW
Term
A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?
Definition
Smooth air.

AW
Term
The suffix "nimbus," used in naming clouds, means
Definition
a rain cloud.

AW
Term
Clouds are divided into four families according to their
Definition
height range.

AW
Term
The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as a
Definition
front.

AW
Term
One of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is
Definition
a change in temperature.

AW
Term
One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the
Definition
wind direction.

AW
Term
Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of
Definition
stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

AW
Term
What situation is most conducive to the formation of radiation fog?
Definition
Warm, moise air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

AW
Term
If the temperature/dewpoint spread is small and decreasing, and the temperature is 62F, what type weather is most likely to develop?
Definition
Fog or low clouds.

AW
Term
In which situation is advection fog most likely to form?
Definition
An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter.

AW
Term
What types of fog depend upon wind in order to exist?
Definition
Advection fog and upslope fog.

AW
Term
Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog?
Definition
Steam fog.

AW
Term
An almond or lens-shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 knots or more, is referred to as
Definition
a lenticular cloud.

AW
Term
Crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as
Definition
standing lenticular clouds.

AW
Term
What clouds have the greatest turbulence?
Definition
Cumulostratus

AW
Term
What cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?
Definition
Towering cumulus clouds.

AW
Term
Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 knots or greater blow
Definition
across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable.

AW
Term
Where does wind shear occur?
Definition
At all altitudes, in all directions.

AW
Term
When may hazardous wind shear be expected?
Definition
In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and celar air turbulence.

AW
Term
A pilot can expected a wind-shear zone in a temperature inversion whenever the windspeed at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the surface is at least
Definition
25 knots.

AW
Term
One in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is
Definition
visible moisture.

AW
Term
In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate?
Definition
Freezing rain.

AW
Term
Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?
Definition
Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

AW
Term
How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff?
Definition
Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

AW
Term
The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and
Definition
unstable, moist air.

AW
Term
What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
Definition
Continuous updraft.

AW
Term
Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?
Definition
Precipitation beginning to fall.

AW
Term
What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?
Definition
High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

AW
Term
During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts?
Definition
Dissipating.

AW
Term
Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the
Definition
mature stage.

AW
Term
Thunderstorms which generally produce the most intense hazard to aircraft are
Definition
squall line thunderstorms.

AW
Term
A nonfrontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a
Definition
squall line.

AW
Term
If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach?
Definition
Wind-shear turbulence.

AW
Term
Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain?
Definition
Level flight attitude.

AW
Term
Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?
Definition
Lightning

AW
Term
Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is
Definition
developing lift.

PHB
Term
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is
Definition
heavy, clean, and slow

PHB
Term
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to
Definition
sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.

PHB
Term
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to
Definition
sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.

PHB
Term
The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a
Definition
light, quartering tailwind.

PHB
Term
When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying
Definition
above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point.

PHB
Term
When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft
Definition
above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.

PHB
Term
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for a vortex avoidance?
Definition
Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.
Term
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
Definition
Outward, upward, and around each tip.

PHB
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