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| The willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need |
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| Driven by interest or enjoyment |
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| The horizontal expansion of jobs |
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| Job Rotation (Cross Training) |
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| Periodic shifting of a worker from one task to another as a way to increase flexibility and avoid layoffs |
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| The vertical expansion of jobs which increases the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. |
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| Employee Involvement Programs |
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| a process that uses the input of employees and is intended to increase employee commitment to an organization’s success |
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| A process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision making power with their immediate superiors |
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| Representative Participation |
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| A system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees |
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| Brainstorm problems, select problem, research, brainstorm, choose solution, present problem and solution to management |
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The simultaneous desire to meet all needs; most probable for humans
Existence – food, water, security
Relatedness – relationships with others
Growth – esteem and self-actualization |
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Consequences for our actions play a role in decision / behavior
Reward good, people will do it
Punish wrong, people won’t do it |
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| Flexible work hours to accommodate people’s personal lives |
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| The practice of having two or more people split a 40 hour work week job |
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| Employees do their work at home on a computer linked to their office |
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| Workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production completed |
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| Pay based on the performance appraisal ratings and annual reviews |
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| Distributes compensation based on a company’s profitability |
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| Formula based group incentive plan for pay; linked to productivity not profit |
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| Sets pay levels on the basis of how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do |
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