Reduce the number of microbes

Through heating food source, liquids

Undefined Number

Used on living tissue

Skin

Reduce pathogens to a "safe" level

OSHA, USDA, etc.

Reduce all organisms to a "safe" level

(not specific for pathogens)

Naked: Doesn't have a lipid membrane surrounding, more resistant

Envelope Virus: Has lipid membrane, less resistant

Has direct contact with body tissue (internal tissue)

Has to be sterile

Device employing steam under pressure used for sterilizing materials that are stable to heat and moisture.

Like a pressure cooker to get the temperature to get about water's boiling point to kill bacteria that don't die at 100ºC

Standard pasteurization in the US

72ºC for 15 seconds

High temp for short time

5 log reduction in microbe population

Sterile, not just pasteurized

150ºC for 1 second

Ultra high temp used for long term shelf life

Milk doesn't spoil

0.2 micrometer pore size for bacteria can be trapped

Viruses cannot be trapped

For air

Depth filter, no pores

Fiber mesh used to trap microorganisms

X-rays, Gamma rays

Excellent penetration (break DNA strands)

Used for foods, heat-sensitive surgical materials

Something that can kill every microorganism

Even spores, with long enough exposure

Gets rid of everything, but spores

OK for semicritical instruments

All spores and a few viruses remain after using

Ok for non-critical instruments

Doesn't get rid of mycobacteria, naked viruses, and spores

 (stuff you used on your countertop @ home)

Biguanides

Make membranes leaky; low-level

Gaseous sterilant

Oxidizes DNA

Things that cannot be autoclaved because it is heat sensitive

Oxidize proteins

Chlorine, Iodine

When something replaces one group in a compound with another group

When -SH group is replaced with Ag or Hg so that disulfide bonds cannot form in proteins

Type of phenolic

It acts on an enzyme to break down the membrane so since bacteria have mutations in that enzyme they become resistant creating a "super bug"

Dislove membranes

Low-leve (not good vs. Pseudomonas)

Used in soaps and cosmetics

Decontamination of areas

Operating theaters/rooms (necessary use of decontamination rigor)