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micro Test 3
Protozoa 2
54
Health Care
Professional
11/16/2011

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Term
The major protozoal diseases that involve the blood and internal organs are:
Definition
1. Malaria (Plasmodium species), 2.Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma species), 3.Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma species) and
4.Leishmaniasis (Leishmania species)
Term
Malaria is part of the
Definition
Plasmodium species
Term
Malaria is caused by four plasmodia;
Definition
1. vivax,
2. ovale,
3. malariae, and
4. falciparum
Term
are more common causes of malaria
Definition
falciparum & vivax
Term
Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are
Definition
sporozoans
Term
Trypanosoma and Leishmania are
Definition
flagellates
Term
flagellates are sometimes called
Definition
hemoflagellates
Term
Malaria is transmitted primarily by
Definition
mosquito bites
Term
Malaria can also be transmitted by
Definition
across the placenta, in blood transfusions, and by intravenous drug abuse
Term
Plasmodium sporozoites are injected into the
Definition
blood stream
Term
In the blood stream sporozoites moves rapidly to the
Definition
Liver
Term
in the liver sporozoites form cyst like structures containing thousands of
Definition
merozoites
Term
Most of the pathological findings of malaria result from the destruction of
Definition
Red Blood Cells
Term
Red cells are destroyed both by the release of the
Definition
merozoites and by the action of the spleen to first sequester the infected red cells and then to lyse them
Term
The enlarged spleen characteristic of malaria is due to
Definition
congestion of sinusoids with erythrocytes, couples with hyperplasia of lymphocytes and macrophages
Term
Malaria occurs primarily in these areas
Definition
tropical and subtropical
Term
Malaria occurs primarily in these countries
Definition
in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America
Term
Malaria in United States is seen in Americans who
Definition
travel to areas of endemic infection without adequate chemoprophylaxis and in immigrants from areas of endemic infection
Term
What is the most common lethal infectious disease
Definition
Malaria
Term
Malaria presents with
Definition
with abrupt onset of fever, and chills accompanied by headache myalgia and arthralgias, about two weeks after the mosquito bite. The fever may be continuous early in the disease
Term
In Malaria fever is followed by
Definition
drenching sweats.
Term
is seen in most malaria patients
Definition
Splenomegaly
Term
occurs in roughly one third of malaria patients
Definition
hepatomegaly
Term
Untreated malaria caused by P.falciparum is potentially life threatening as a result of extensive
Definition
brain and kidney damage
Term
is the drug of choice for acute malaria
Definition
Chloroquine
Term
must be used to prevent malaria relapses
Definition
Primaquine
Term
Methods can be used to prevent malaria
Definition
The use of mosquito netting, window screens, protective clothing, and insect repellants
Term
Chemoprophylaxis of malaria for travelers include
Definition
Chloroquine , and
Mefloquine
Term
Is there a vaccine for malaria
Definition
No
Term
What equipment decreased all-cause mortality in children < 5 years by about 20% in regards to malaria.
Definition
insecticide-treated bed net (ITN)
Term
is a complication malaria characterized by intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and kidney failure
Definition
Blackwater fever
Term
Blackwater fever is caused by heavy parasitization of red blood cells with
Definition
Plasmodium falciparum
Term
Does Blackwater fever have a high mortality
Definition
Yes
Term
the symptoms for blackwayer fever include
Definition
a rapid pulse, high fever and chills, extreme prostration, a rapidly developing anemia
Term
the primary symptoms for blackwayer fever is
Definition
the passage of urine that is black or dark red in colour
Term
Toxoplasma gondii is a
Definition
sporozoan
Term
Toxoplasma gondii is a sporozoan, distributed worldwide, that infects all
Definition
vertebrate species
Term
the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is a
Definition
cat
Term
Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by
Definition
the accidental ingestion of oocysts present in cat feces
Term
Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by
Definition
in cat feces,
by eating raw or undercooked meat containing (tissue cyst)
Term
Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by
Definition
congenitally from an infected mother
Term
Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by
Definition
from a blood transfusion
Term
Toxoplasma gondii causes
Definition
toxoplasmosis
Term
Most primary Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompetent adults are
Definition
asymptomatic
Term
Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in
Definition
in abortion
Term
Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in
Definition
stillbirth or neonatal disease with encephalitis
Term
Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in
Definition
choreoretinitis
Term
Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in
Definition
hepatosplenomegaly
Term
when immunosuppressed patients are infected with Toxoplasma gondii
Definition
life threatening disseminated disease primarily encephalitis occurs
Term
Congenital toxoplasmosis whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be treated with a combination of
Definition
sulfadiazine and pyramethamine
Term
Acute toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual is
Definition
usually self limited
Term
The most effective means of preventing toxoplasmosis is to
Definition
cook meat throughly to kill the cysts
Term
Pregnant women should be especially careful to avoid
Definition
undercooked meat and contact with cats.
They should refrain from emptying cat litter boxes
Term
Cats should not be fed
Definition
raw meat
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