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The major protozoal diseases that involve the blood and internal organs are: |
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Definition
1. Malaria (Plasmodium species), 2.Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma species), 3.Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma species) and 4.Leishmaniasis (Leishmania species) |
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Malaria is caused by four plasmodia; |
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1. vivax, 2. ovale, 3. malariae, and 4. falciparum |
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are more common causes of malaria |
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Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are |
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Trypanosoma and Leishmania are |
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flagellates are sometimes called |
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Malaria is transmitted primarily by |
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Malaria can also be transmitted by |
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Definition
across the placenta, in blood transfusions, and by intravenous drug abuse |
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Plasmodium sporozoites are injected into the |
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In the blood stream sporozoites moves rapidly to the |
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in the liver sporozoites form cyst like structures containing thousands of |
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Most of the pathological findings of malaria result from the destruction of |
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Red cells are destroyed both by the release of the |
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Definition
merozoites and by the action of the spleen to first sequester the infected red cells and then to lyse them |
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The enlarged spleen characteristic of malaria is due to |
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Definition
congestion of sinusoids with erythrocytes, couples with hyperplasia of lymphocytes and macrophages |
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Malaria occurs primarily in these areas |
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Definition
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Malaria occurs primarily in these countries |
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Definition
in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America |
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Malaria in United States is seen in Americans who |
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Definition
travel to areas of endemic infection without adequate chemoprophylaxis and in immigrants from areas of endemic infection |
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What is the most common lethal infectious disease |
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Definition
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Definition
with abrupt onset of fever, and chills accompanied by headache myalgia and arthralgias, about two weeks after the mosquito bite. The fever may be continuous early in the disease |
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In Malaria fever is followed by |
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is seen in most malaria patients |
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occurs in roughly one third of malaria patients |
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Untreated malaria caused by P.falciparum is potentially life threatening as a result of extensive |
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is the drug of choice for acute malaria |
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must be used to prevent malaria relapses |
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Methods can be used to prevent malaria |
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Definition
The use of mosquito netting, window screens, protective clothing, and insect repellants |
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Chemoprophylaxis of malaria for travelers include |
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Definition
Chloroquine , and Mefloquine |
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Is there a vaccine for malaria |
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What equipment decreased all-cause mortality in children < 5 years by about 20% in regards to malaria. |
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insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) |
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is a complication malaria characterized by intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and kidney failure |
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Blackwater fever is caused by heavy parasitization of red blood cells with |
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Does Blackwater fever have a high mortality |
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the symptoms for blackwayer fever include |
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Definition
a rapid pulse, high fever and chills, extreme prostration, a rapidly developing anemia |
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the primary symptoms for blackwayer fever is |
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Definition
the passage of urine that is black or dark red in colour |
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Toxoplasma gondii is a sporozoan, distributed worldwide, that infects all |
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the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is a |
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Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
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Definition
the accidental ingestion of oocysts present in cat feces |
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Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
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Definition
in cat feces, by eating raw or undercooked meat containing (tissue cyst) |
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Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
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Definition
congenitally from an infected mother |
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Humans can become infected from Toxoplasma gondii by |
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Most primary Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompetent adults are |
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Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
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Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
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stillbirth or neonatal disease with encephalitis |
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Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
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Toxoplasma gondii Congenital infections can result in |
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when immunosuppressed patients are infected with Toxoplasma gondii |
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Definition
life threatening disseminated disease primarily encephalitis occurs |
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Congenital toxoplasmosis whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be treated with a combination of |
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Definition
sulfadiazine and pyramethamine |
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Acute toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual is |
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Definition
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The most effective means of preventing toxoplasmosis is to |
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Definition
cook meat throughly to kill the cysts |
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Pregnant women should be especially careful to avoid |
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undercooked meat and contact with cats. They should refrain from emptying cat litter boxes |
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