Term
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Definition
"Sugar coating" Gelationous, sticky, surrounding the outside of the cell.
Composed of Polysaccarides/Polypeptides.
Capsule- Organized, firmly attached,tightly bounded. May prevent bacteria from being recognized by hosts.
Slime Layer- Loosely attached to cell surface. Liquidy. Water soluble. Sticky layer allows prokaryotes to attach to surface.
Biofilm- society of bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
NOT present in all Bactera.
Rotate.
Long structures that extend beyond cell surface composed of Filaments, Hook, and Basal Body.
Basal Body anchors filament and hook by rod and serious of two/four integral protein rings.
Arrangement- Peritrichous- cover the surface of the cell.
Polar- only at the ends
-Monotrichous- single flagellum
-Lophotrichous- small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the SAME site
-Amphitrichous- flagella at BOTH poles
Axial Filaments- "Cork Screw" movement ROTATE around the cell. Spiral tightly around cell between cell membrane and outer membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| ROD-LIKE Used for adherence. Sticky, bristle projections important function in Biofilms. Composed of protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| ROD-LIKE Conjugation Pili-Bacteria Sex. Transfer of DNA. Composed of protein-Pilin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Protection, Shape, Structure from osmotic forces.
Gram Positive- Purple Blue.
contain Polyalcohol- Teichoic Acid.
Think layer of peptidoglycan.
Mycolic Acid- Waxy liquid 60%
Gram Negative- Pink Red
Thin layer of peptidoglycan
Periplasm- contains water and dissolved substances. |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria without Cell Walls.
Stabilized by Sterols and resistant to lysis. |
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Term
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Definition
Phospholipid Bilayer.
Energy Storage- ATP Production
Regulates Cell Content.
PASSIVE PROCESS- No ATP Required.
movement down concentration gradient.
-Diffusion- through lipid portion.
-Facilitated Diffusion- large, electrically charged molecules using channel or carrier protein allow molecules to pass while others are specific for molecule permitted.
-OSMOSIS- diffusion of water. Determined by concentrations.
--Isotonic- equal
--Hypotonic- internal conc. lower
--Hypertonic- internal conc. higher
Active Process- ATP Required
movement against electrochemical gradient.
-Active Transport- utilizes proteins. some refered to as "gated" "ports" b/c they are controlled.
-Group Transport- only in some bacteria. OPTIONAL. Substance that is actively transported is chemically modified during transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gelatinous material inside cell membrane. Semitransparent, fluid, elastic, aqueous. |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Cytosol (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Liquid portion- mostly water.
Site for chemical reactions.
Nucleoid- contains cell DNA |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Inclusions (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Within Cytosol.
Deposits of substances.
similar to vesicles
May or may not be surrounded by polypeptide membrane.
"Gas Vesicles" storage for boutancy-device. |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Endospores (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Dormant bodies with stand extremes in radiation, drying, freezing, and chemicals.
Metabolically inactive.
Sporulation- limited nutrients.
Viable endospores found in 250mil y/o salt crystals |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Ribosomes (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
PROTEIN SYNTHESES
70s Prokarytic Ribosomes
30s small sub units
50s large sub units |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Cytoskeleton (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Network of Fibrils.
Contribute to the CELL SHAPE of some bacteria. |
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Centrioles and Centrosomes
(Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Nucleus (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Golgi Body (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Lysosomes (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Peroxisomes (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Vacuoles and Vesicles
(Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Mitochondria (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
PROKARYOTE:
Chloroplasts (Cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Function: Anchors cells to eachother. Strengthens cell surface.
Provide some protections against dehydration.
Cell to cell regonition.
Absent in Plants and Fungi b/c of cell wall.
Animal and Protozoan cells lack cell wall but are covered with glycocalces.
Composed of carbohydrates anchored to membrane proteins and lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
WAVES- begin at one end and move along
10x thicker. More compled. Covered by an extension of the cell membrane.
Shaft is composed of
TUBULIN- gobluar proteins
Microtubules- Chains of tubulin form hollow structures arranged in "9+2" patter.
Filaments anchored in CYTOPLASM by Basal Body- consists of triplets of microtubules arranched in "9+0" pattern |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Short more, numerous.
movement of cells through environment, movement of substances past cell surfaces.
Can function as feeding/filtering structures.
Microtubles: "9+2" pattern
Basal Body: "9+0" pattern
Surrounded by extension of the cytoplasmic membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Protection from environment.
Shape and Support against osmotic pressure.
:composed of various polysaccharides:
Algae- Cellulose, agar, silicates, algin, calcium carbonate, carrageenan.
Fungi- chitin/glucomannan
Plants- cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
Made of up phospholipid bilayer.
Fluid mosaic of phospholipid w/ embedded:
Proteins- Recognized molecules, enzymes,receptors, carriers, channels, anchor cells to multicellular organisms.
Steroids-(cholesterol, Ergosterol) help maintain fluidity and stablize the membrane.
FUNCTION:: control movement of materials into and out of a cell via passive and active process
Passive- Diffusion, Faciliated Diffusion, Osmosis.
Active- Active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis.
Endocytosis- pseudopodia surround a substance and move it into a cell.
-phagocytosis-eat-move solids into cell
-phinocytosis-drink-move liquids into cell
Exocytosis- vesicles fuse w/ cytoplasmic membrane and export substances from cell. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Cytosol
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Inclusions
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Endospores
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Protein Synthesis
80s Eukaryotic Ribosomes
40s small subunit
60s large subunit
(attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum) |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Cytoskeleton
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Internal Framework
Composed of internal network of fibers and tubules.
Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments.
::Function::
Anchor organelles
Cytoplasmic Streaming
Movement of Organelles
Provides Shape of Cell |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Centrioles and Centosomes
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Centrioles- Animal and Fungi cell
Triplets of microtubules "9+0" pattern
Playrole: Mitosis, Cytokinese, Formation of flagella and cilia.
Cell division
MITOTIC SPINDLE
Centrosome- region of cytoplasm where centroles are found. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Nucleus
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Genetic information- DNA
Largest organelle in cell
Nuceloplasm- semiliquid- chromatin
RNA synthesis in nucleoli
Nuclear Envelope- Double Membrane
-phospholipids and nuclear pores. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Transport System
Netlike arrangement of flattened hollow tubules continuous in nuclear envelopes.
SER-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-no ribosomes
-closed tubular network
-nutrient processing
-syntheic storage of non protein
RER- rough endoplasmic reticulum
-ribosomes on surface
-proteins synthesis. held for later packaging and transport. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Golgi Body
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Receives, Processes, and Packages large molecules for export from cell.
Stacks of membranes
NOT IN ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS
composed of flattened hollow sacs surrounded by phospholipid bilayer.
packages molecules in secreting vescile that fuse with cell membrane. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Lysosomes
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Intracellular Digestion
protection against invading microorganisms.
originate from Golgi Aparatus
Catabolic (digestive) Enzymes
-also used for self-destruction. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Peroxisomes
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Breakdown of fats
Contain enzymes to convert toxic forms of oxygen such as hydorgen peroxide to water.
Free radicals
Derived from the ER |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Vacuoles and Vesicles
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Storage of material/chemicals in center of cell.
Transfer of chemicals in cell.
Large vacuoles are found in plant cells. |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Mitochondria
(cytoplasm |
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Definition
Power House of Cell
Cellular Respiration
double membrane- phospholipids
Cristae- inner membrane fold
70s ribosomes and circular DNA |
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Term
EUKARYOTE:
Chloroplasts
(cytoplasm) |
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Definition
Photosynthesis- light energy.
Drives synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide to water.
Thylakoids- Pigments for photosynthesis
70s ribosomes and circular DNA
double membrane- phospholipids |
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