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Cellular processes that use the energy stored in ATP to synthesize and assemble subunits such as amino acids; synonymous with biosynthesis "Builds Up" |
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Celluar processes that harvests the energy released during the breakdown of compounds such as glucose and use that energy to synthesize ATP "Breaks Down" |
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Reduced electron carriers such as NADH, NADPH, and FADH2; their bonds contain a form of useable energy |
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| A protein that functions as a catalyst |
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| Where the substrate(s) binds to the enzyme |
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| When the enzyme folds around the substrate and takes the shape of it to hold on to it during the catalyzed reaction |
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| When the inhibitor for the enzyme competes with the normal substrate for binding to the active site. |
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| Noncompetitive (Allosteric) Inhibitor |
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When the inhibitor interacts with another part of the enzyme to cause a shape change at the active site for the substrate Doesn't resemble the substrate |
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| Glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and pyruvate oxidation |
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Metabolic pathway that oxidizes glucose to pyruvate, generating ATP and reducing power Oxidizes glucose and produces ATP, pyruvate, and NADH (electrons, by reducing NAD) |
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| Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate |
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| When the electrons in pyruvate are transferred to NAD to make NADH and pyruvate releases CO2 |
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| Electron Carrier (NAD/NADH) |
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| NAD gets reduced by accepting electrons to make NADH in glycolysis, oxidatively decarboxylated pyruvate, and TCA cycle |
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Product of the transition reaction; a precursor metabolite used in fatty acid synthesis Oxidized during the TCA cycle |
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| TCA (Krebs', Citric Acid) Cycle |
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| Metabolic pathway that incorporates acetyl-CoA, ultimately generating CO2, reducing power, ATP, and NADH and FADH2 |
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Metabolic process in which the final electron acceptor is an organic compound No O2 |
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| Enzyme that helps in the oxidation reaction in which both an electron and an accompanying proton are removed |
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| A molecule that gets reduced or accepts electrons |
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| pentose phosphate pathway |
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| Metabolic pathway that initiates the degradation of glucose, generating reducing power in the form of NADPH, and two precursor metabolites |
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| respiratory electron transport chain |
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| When the final electron acceptor is an inorganic compounds like oxygen |
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| An enzyme that catalyzes the structural rearrangement of isomers |
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| The process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs cycle |
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The removal of an amine group, usually by hydrolysis Used for the hydrocarbon skeleton for energy |
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