Four properties that define a virus

1) Contains DNA or RNA

2) Has a protein coat surrounding the nucleic cell

3) Multiplies inside a living cell using the synthetic machinery of said cell

4) Causes the synthesis of virions

Virion

A fully developed virus particle that transfers the viral nucleic acid to other cells and initiates multiplication.

Attachment of an enveloped DNA-containing virus

Virus attaches to the cell membrane by means of spikes located on its envelope.

Penetration (of a DNA-containing virus)

The virus gains entrance by piriocytosis, or its envelope may fuse with the plasma membrane of the host cell, allowing the virus entrance.

Uncoating (of an enveloped DNA-containing virus)

Uncoating refers to the separation of the capsid from the viral DNA.

Biosynthesis (of an enveloped DNA-containing virus)

Viral DNA is released into the cell's nucleus and transcription and translation from the viral DNA occur. Viral DNA is synthesized.

Maturation

Capsids form around strands of viral DNA

Release

(of an enveloped DNA-containg virus)

The assenbled capsid-containing nucleic acid pushes through the plasma membrane; a portion of the plasma membrane adheres to the capsid, thus forming the envelope.

Name an example of lysogeny in animals

Latent viral infections

Protein coat

All viruses have one. 

It surrounds and protects the nucleic acid.

Some also have an envelope.

Host Range

Determined by attachment.

Animal cells: receptor for viruses is on plasma membrane of host cell.

Bacteria: Receptor is on cell wall, fimbriae or flagella.

Virus Size

Wide range of size. In general, they're super small.

Virion

A complete, fully developed viral particle.

They're infectious (they can go on and infect others. ..Lovely.) :)

Nucleic Acid

DNA or RNA; single stranded or double stranded

Either ss or ds DNA or RNA

Capsid

The protein coat

Capsomere

The small unit of a capsid (a group of them make a capsid); it's a protein subunit.

Envelopes

Other structures that can be outside of a capsid; can be lipids, carbohydrates, and/or proteins

Prophage

 A phage chromosome inserted as part of the linear structure of the DNA chromosome of a bacterium. A temperate phage integrated into the host chromosome.

Promoter

A region of DNA that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene.

Repressor

A DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of one or more genes by decreasing the rate of transcription.