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Mid term 1
54 First Term
28
Art History
Undergraduate 3
10/13/2014

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Term

 Peace of God 

 

Truce of God

Definition

movement of Catholic church to limits

violence of private war and feudal lord 

It restrict the time of fighting and protects innoncent people and monks from being attack

started 10 cent-13cent

Term
Investiture Controlversy
Definition
conflict between The church and the state. A series of Popes challenge European Mornach over who have the right to invest bishop with thier office. Kings or Popes
Term
Papal Reform 
Definition
Reform of Catholic church, esspecially under pope Gregory VII. Focus on supremacy of Rome over Constaintinoples, Church's authority over secular leaders, celibracy, penance , sins and abuses.
Term
Rome 
Definition
Where head of the Catholic church lives and oversees every things involves the Western. the Pope
Term
Holy Sepulchre
Definition
the Church of Holy Sepulchre, in the old city of Jerusalem where Jesus was cruxified and buried. The palce has a sacred value to Catholic , Orthodox and Muslim.
Term
Umma 
Definition
Muslim social, political , and religious community bound  together by ties of religious in Pre Islamic period
Term
Pact of dhimma 
Definition

1.     means “ Protected person” the term refer to non-Muslim citizen of Islamic state,  the pact allows rights of residence in return for jizyah( tax collected from non-Muslim)

 

Term
Seljuk Sultanate 
Definition
Seljuk Sultanate a persia-turk dynasty in syria, involve in a lot of matters in the levant during 10-11 cent.
Term
Abbasid Caliphate
Definition

Third Caliphate succeed prophet Muhahad.  Established in 750 , after Umayya Caliphate. Claim to renew Islamic principles, establishe and move capital to Baghdad and Persianized symbols of monarchy.

 

  

Term
Baghdad
Definition
Abbasid Caliphate's capital
Term
Cairo
Definition

Fatimid Caliphate's capital 

where the true power lies in hand of the Vizier

Term
Fatimid Caliphate
Definition
The fourth Caliphate. An Shiai Islamic state, base in Egypt true power was the Vizier
Term
Jerusalem
Definition

 

 third holiest city in Muslim. It has the site of the Night Journey. It has Dome of the Rock and  Temple Mount. Target of the first Crusade

 

        

Term
Augustine’s just war theory
Definition
The war needed to be waged with a just cause, have a right intentions and by a legitimate authority
Term
jihad
Definition
means struggle, striving. same meaning with Crusade in western. a person who join Jihad is mujahid, plure mujahideen
Term
Pope Urban II
Definition

Pope of the Catholic Church.  He initiated the first crusade by preaching the first crusade at the Council of Clermont.

  

Term
indulgence
Definition
Whoever goes on the Journey to free the church of God in Jerusalem out of devotion alone and not for glory or money  can substitute the journey for all penance for sins
Term
Council of Clermont
Definition
where Pope Urban II was preching the first crusade.
Term
Raymond, Count of Toulouse
Definition
also called Raymond of Saint Gilles. one of the leaders of the first crusade
Term
Adhemar of Le Puy
Definition
papal legate, represent the Pope during the first crusade. He was the Spiritial of the fisrt crusade.
Term
Constantinople
Definition
capital of the Eastern Romance of Empire. most of the crusade people go through constatinoples and down to Jerusalem.
Term
Emperor Alexius I Comnenus
Definition
Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, He was the one who appeal to seek help from the West and contribute to the cactalyse of the first cusadel
Term
Battle of Nicea
Definition
First battle of the crusader with the the Turk in Anatolia, In May or June. The crusader defeat Kilji Arslan. but Emperor Alexios alrady make a piece treaty with Kilji Arslan and take ober Nicea.
Term
Edessa
Definition
The first crusader states established in 1098 by Baldwin of Boulogne ( or Baldwin I of Jerusalem) the first crusader state to be form and also the first one to fall in 1144
Term
Siege of Antioch
Definition
The first siege, by the crusaders against the Muslim-held city, lasted from 21 October 1097 to 2 June 1098. After defeat 2 relief force lead by duqaq of Damascus and Ridwan of Aleppo. The crusaders capture the city. Kerboga begin seige the crusaders. after they defeated him, the citadel surrenderd. 
Term
Holy Lance
Definition
The relics found at the siege of Antioch by a monk Peter Bartholomew. Raise morale of the crusaders and help them defeat Kerboga
Term
Godfrey of Bouillon
Definition

     one of the leaders in the first crusade, after the siege of Jerusalem, become the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 

Term
Ascalon
Definition
The City was in control of the Fatimid Caliphate , battle of Ascalon often consider the lst action of the first crusade. Godfrey of Bouilion lead the crusader army crushed the fatimid and secure Jerusalem. Dispute between Godfrey and Raymond makes the garrison refuse to surrender and the city remain in control of the Fatimid.
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