Term
| Gracile Australopithecines |
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Definition
Australopithicus africanus (3.0-2.5 MYA) aka Taung baby. Taung limestone mine, South Africa 1925 (reported by Raymond Dart)
Brain size: 435-530 |
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Term
| Robust Australopithecines |
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Definition
Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy): 40% complete female found at Hadar in the Rift Valley in Ethiopia. it is Approximately 3.2 million years old and it was found in 1974 by Donald Johanson.
brain size: 415cc
Bipedal, human-like hands, considerable size variation |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus Tchadensis |
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Definition
| Reported by Michel Brunet. The fossil consists of a remarkably complete skull. Much less prognathic profile, small canines and many other traits of the teeth distinguish it as a hominid not an ape. Small cranial capacity (380 cc) Dated 6-7 MYA based on association with time-diagnostic non-hominid fossils |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in the Awash area of the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia. Dated 4.4 MYA, reported by Tim White from U.C. Berkeley who argues that the species was bipedal but also spent a lot of time in trees. |
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Term
| Australopithecus africanus |
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Definition
| Found in Taung Limestone mine, South Africa in 1925 by Raymond Dart. Known as Tuang baby |
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Term
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Definition
| It is dated back 2.5 MYA. Founded by Tim White and appears to be associated with animal bones that were butchered with stone tools. (first tool maker?) |
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Term
| Homo habilis (early homo) |
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Definition
| Founded by the Leakeys ad Oldavi Gorge in the 1960's where it dates to about 2.0 MYA. In the same layer were stone tools, name means handy person |
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Term
| Homo erectus (middle homo) |
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Definition
Founded by the Leakeys at Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Dated to 1.9-0.2 MYA- possibly later in Asia. Brain capacity is around 800-1000cc. Generally very robust creatures, massive supraorbital tori, thick cranial wall, and no forehead or chin.
Thought to be the first to control fire, had clothing, pair bonding, division of labor, incest taboo, cannibalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Heidelberg jaw dated 0.5 MYA. Very similar to the Homo erectus but is found in europe. Also found were stone tools (flakes) and faunal remains in northern Spain. In Sima de los Huesos (The pit of bones) over 30 human skeletons were dumped in northern Spain dating 350,000-500,000 years bp. |
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Term
| Homo sapiens idalto (AMHS) |
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Definition
| Modern scull with few primitive traits, 160,000 bp. |
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Term
| Homo sapiens neanderthalensis |
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Definition
| Found in Neander Valley dating back 40,000bp. It was the first fossil non-modern human ever discovered. A fairly complete skeleton recovered in 1856. Low brow ridges, large brain (1450-1850), sloping forehead, robust skeleton representing short stocky individual (5 ft tall) |
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Definition
| Found skeletons on the Island of Flores, north of Australia. The adults were around 3 ft tall, and had small brain capacity (350cc) |
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Term
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Definition
Anatomically Modern Homo Sapiens Sapiens
These are homo sapiens that from the neck down look anatomically identical to humans today |
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Term
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Definition
| An Australopithecus afarensis that was found at Hadar in the Rift Valley in Ethiopia by Donald Johanson. Dated 4.4 MYA |
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Definition
| A.k.a. "Lucy's baby" founded by Zerasenay Alemsged |
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Term
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Definition
| Ardipithecus ramidus. Founded by Tim White in the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia. Dated 4.4 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
Species form of homo sapiens in Europe. 35000bp
First artists |
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