Alleluia, O Virga Mediatrix

Composer: Hildegard Von Bingen (earliest female composer)

• Ternary form (ABA)
• Sacred
  
• monophonic (0ne voice)
  
• Genre: CHANT
  
• Mellismatic setting on: Alleluia
  
• Middle Ages
  

Gaude Maria Virgo

Composer: unknown Notre Dame School

• Highly mellismatic
  
• acapella (just voices)
  
• notated polyphony
  
• GENRE: organum
• Middle Ages
  

Kalenda Maya

Composer: Rainbaut de Vaqueiras

• Genre: Troubador Song (courtly love)
  
• secular music
  
• instrumental
  
• CD-polyphonic piece
  
• From quadruple to triple meter
  
• Middle Ages
  
• Strophic form-repetive phrases
  

Puis qu'en oubli

Composer: Machaut

Genre: Chanson

• secular
  
• about an unhappy relationship
  
• ARS Nova: things become more complex
  
• 3 voices
  
• polyphony
  

Ave Maria

Composer: Josquin

• Genre: Motet
  
• Still polyphony (imitative polyphony)
  
• (REPEATS THE SAME PHRASE)
  
• homorhythm- all the voices have the same rhythm
  
• The Renaissance-Sacred
  
• sacred music
  

Pope Marcellus Mass: Gloria

Composer: Palestrina

• monophonic intro to the piece
  
• Alternation of homorrhythm and polyphonic textures
  
• The Renaissance-Sacred
  

Ecco Mormorar l'onde

Composer: Monteverdi

• Genre: Italian Madrigal
  
• subtle and nuanced word pronouncing
  
• High quality poetry
  
• waves, trembling leaves, birds singing
  
• The Renaissance
  

Fair Phyllis

Composer: Farmer

• Genre: English Madrigal
  
• The Renaissance-Secular
  
• not so subtle word painting
  
• pastoral setting
  
• light and playful theme
  
• coded eroticism
  

Dido and Aeneas

Composer: Purcell

• excerpt begins with short recitative
  
• Recitative: plot advances, often rapid, light instrumentation, little if no repetition.
  
• Baroque Period
  
• Aria has a special feature, ostinato and ground bass
  
• Aria: plot stops;emotion
  
• Fuller use of orchestra at the end
  
• slower dramatic speech, declamation
  

Messiah

Composer: Handel

• Genre: oratorio
  
• oratorio-sacred theme for opera
  
• unstaged, no costumes
  
• 2-4hrs long
  
• 3 acts-christmas story, easter story, redemption of the world through faith
  
• Baroque Period
  

"A Mighty Fortress is Our God"

Composer: Bach

• Genre: Church Cantada
  
• between 15-30 minutes long
  
• church chorales, used in mass services
  

    Bach – “Little” Fugue in G minor for organ, BWV 578

Composer: Bach

• Genre: Organ Fugue
  
• 4-voice limitation (SATB)
  
• What to listen for? opening melody in soprano, followed by alto, tenor, then bass
  
• Carefully controlled imitative polyphony
  
• Baroque era
  

Spring: First Movement

Composer: Vivaldi

• Each has three movements
  
• Allegro (fast), Largo(slow), Allegro(fast)
  

Pitch

The perceived highness or lowness of a sound resulting from the frequency of the waves vibration.

rhythm

The controlled movement of sound over time

melody

A melody is a sucession of single pitches perceived by the mind as a larger unit (essentually a tune) so you have some high pitch sound and low pitch sound=tune

meter (quadruple, triple, duple)

triple=waltz quadruple=four beats in a measure, triple=three beats and so forth

Contour/range

_{Contour: moves up and down range: the span of pitches}

Strings

main section of orchestra sound creation=vibration of songs. Bowed strings=violin, viola, cello, souble bass

Arco

playing the instrument with a bow

Pizzicato

plucking the strings of the instrument

Woodwinds

Flute/piccolo, oboe/English horn, clarinet/bass clarinet , bassoon/contrbassoon, saxomophone

timbre

sound or tone color

brass

trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba,

sound production=vibration of air

percussion

pitched:timfani, xylophone, celesta, glockenspiel, bells, chimes

unpitched: share, bass drum, cumbols, triangle, tambourine, cowbell

Organ

Pipe organ

Harpsichord

sound produced by mechanically plucking strings

Piano

invented by bartolomeo critoforic.

expressive: key pressure affects dynamic level

Orchestra

performance with woodwinds, brass, and percussion

String Quartet

chamber music ensemble, consisting of two violins, two violas, or two violins , two cellos, and so forth

Woodwind quintet

clarinet, flute, oboe, bassoon, horn

Brass Quintet

two trumpets, horns, tronbone, tuba