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Midyear Review
Midyear Vocabulary Review
50
History
8th Grade
12/22/2011

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Cards

Term
Civil War
Definition
1861-1865 North vs. South, war within a country.
Term
Confederacy
Definition
The South during the Civil War
Term
Sectionalism
Definition
Feeling loyalty to your section of the U.S. rather than to the entire nation. North, South, West
Term
States' Rights
Definition
Theory that said states have the right to judge when the federal government passed an unconstitutional law.
Term
Gettysburg
Definition
Turning point in the Civil War. The North started winning.
Term
Abolitionist
Definition
Someone who wants slavery to end. Now! An activist.
Term
Dred Scott
Definition
Slave who sued for his freedom, lost. Court said slaves are property and not citizens, so they can't sue.
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
Written by Lincoln, frees the slaves in the Confederacy.
Term
Underground Railroad
Definition
Series of escape routes used by slaves escaping to the North.
Term
Rural
Definition
Countryside, farms, agriculture
Term
Reconstruction
Definition
12 years after the Civil War where the South was rebuilt physically, economically, politically, and socially.
Term
13th Amendment
Definition
Outlaws slavery, unconstitutional.
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
Gave African-Americans Citizenship.
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
Gave African-American males over 21 the right to vote.
Term
Black Codes
Definition
Laws that limit African-American voting rights. Examples: Poll Tax, Literacy Tests, Property Requirement.
Term
Plessey vs. Ferguson
Definition
Declared "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites constitutional.
Term
Radical Republicans
Definition
Were harsh on the South and give African-Americans more rights.
Term
Segregation
Definition
To separate
Term
Jim Crow Laws
Definition
Laws that separate by race. Examples: Separate water fountains, separate schools for blacks and whites.
Term
Ku Klux Klan
Definition
Hate group that prevented African-Americans from using their rights. Formed after the Civil War.
Term
Philanthropist
Definition
Wealthy person who gives large amounts of money away to charities or for the public good.
Term
Robber Baron
Definition
A nickname for someone who makes their fortune through ruthless and dishonest means.
Term
Capitalism / Free Enterprise System
Definition
Freedom of private business to operate with little regulation (control) of the government.
Term
Urban / Urbanization
Definition
Cities / the growth of cities.
Term
John D. Rockefeller
Definition
Made his fortune in the oil industry.
Term
Andrew Carnegie
Definition
The "King of Steel"
Term
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Definition
Railroad tycoon.
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
Manufacturing began to replace farming and cottage indurties.
Term
Railroads
Definition
Carried products, materials,people across the country.
Term
Assembly Line
Definition
Method used for mass production of goods. Requires large numbers of unskilled laborers.
Term
Immigrant
Definition
A person who settles in a new country.
Term
"Push Factor"
Definition
Negative things that forced emigrants to leave their homelands.
Term
"Pull Factor"
Definition
Positive things that attracted immigrants to the United States.
Term
Nativism
Definition
A native-born American who wanted to eliminate foreign influence. They have a negative attitude toward foreigners.
Term
Tenements
Definition
An apartment that is usually small, crowded, and run-down. It is located in a skyscraper.
Term
Assimilation
Definition
The process of blending into a society.
Term
Chinese Exclusion Act
Definition
Discriminatory law enacted in 1882 banning Chinese immigration to the U.S. for 10 years.
Term
New Colossus
Definition
Poem on the base of the Statue of Liberty welcoming immigrants to the United States.
Term
Ellis Island
Definition
Processing center for European immigrants to the U.S. at the turn of the century.
Term
Angel Island
Definition
Processing center for Asian immigrants coming to the United States.
Term
Suffrage
Definition
The right to vote.
Term
Thomas Nast
Definition
Political cartoonist who exposed Boss Tweed
Term
Lewis Hine
Definition
Took photographs of child labor and exposed them.
Term
Upton Sinclair
Definition
Wrote The Jungle
Term
Muckrakers
Definition
Journalists who expose problems and corruption in society.
Term
The Meat Inspection Act
Definition
Law that creates regulations (laws) to clean-up food packing plants.
Term
Susan B. Anthony
Definition
A suffragist / suffragette
Term
Theodore Roosevelt's nickname
Definition
"Trustbuster"
Term
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Definition
Law passed in 1890 that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts.
Term
18th Amendment
Definition
Makes the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol illegal.
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