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Minerology
Non-Silicates
49
Geology
Undergraduate 3
11/04/2011

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Anhydrite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: CaSO4

Luster: vitreous, pearly on one cleavage

Hardness/Density:3-3.5/2.9-3.0

Color: White, grayish, bluish, reddish-brick red, pale lavender.

Streak: white to grayish

Cleavage/Fracture: good, 3 at 90/uneven

Form/Other Properties: massive, granular compact, fibrous, low specific gravity, rectangular cleavage fragments

 

Term

 

Apatite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness/Density: 5/3.1-3.2

Color: Green, brown, red, yellow, violet, pink, white

Streak: White

Cleavage/Fracture: Poor/uneven, conchoidal

Form/Other Properties: brittle, short-long prismatic, tabular, massive, stalactic, earthy, oolitic

 

Term

 

Aragonite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: CaCO3
Luster: vitrous, resinous

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/2.9-3.0

Color: white, gray, colorless, yellow, pale green, violet, brown

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: good in 1 direction/subconchoidal

Form/Other Properties: prismatic cleavage, fibrous, columnar, twinned crystals, fluorescent, translucent

 

Term

 

Arsenopyrite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: FeAsS
Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 5.5-6/6.0-6.2

Color: silver-white to steel-gray

Streak: grayish black

Cleavage/Fracture: distinct in 1 dir./uneven; brittle

Form/Other Properties: prismatic, striated faces, granular, compact, columnar

Term

 

Azurite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Luster: vitreous, dull

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.7-3.8

Color: azure-blue, dark blue

Streak: blue

Cleavage/Fracture: good, 2 dir./conchoidal; brittle

Form/Other Properties: tabular crystals, radiating, incrusting, botyoidal, associated with malachite

Term

 

Bauxite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp:
Luster:
dull

Hardness/Density: 1-3/2.4-2.6

Color: white, grey, yellow, red, brown

Streak: white, color of mineral

Cleavage/Fracture: None/earthy

Form/Other Properties: pisolitic, massive to microcrystalline, earthy, oolitic, sometimes small spherical brown masses in gray or yellow matrix

Term

 

Borax

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: Na2B4O7 . 10H2O
Luster: vitreous, greasy

Hardness/Density: 2-2.4/1.7

Color: colorless, white, grayish-greenish white

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir./conchoidal, brittle, translucent

Form/Other Properties: short prismatic crystals, compact, earthy, dissolves in water, sweetish alkaline taste

Term

 

 

Bornite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp.: Cu5FeS4

Luster: metallic, resinous

Hardness/Density: 3/4.9-5.1

Color: copper-red to bronze-brown, tranish deep blue, purple

Streak: grayish black, dark brown black

Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven, conchoidal, brittle

Form/Other properties: compact, granular, rarely octahedral

 

Term

 

Brucite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Mg(OH)2

Luster: earthy, pearly, waxy

Hardness/Denisty: 2-2.5/2.4

Color: whute, gray, blue, and green

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir.

Form/Other prop.: broad tabular, foliated, scaly, fibrous, sectile, thin flakes

Term

 

 

Calcite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: CaCO3

Luster: vitreous, pearly

Hardness/Density: 3/ 2.7

Color: white, colorless, pale grayish, yellow, red, green, blue, brown to black

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir./conchoidal

Form/Other prop: tabular, acicular, granular, compact, stalactic, oolitic, twinned crystals, reacts to acid

Term

 

 

Cassiterite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: SnO2

Luster: greasy, adamantine, dull

Hardness/Density: 6-7/6.8-7.1

Color: Brown, black, rarely yellow, gray

Streak: white, light brown

Cleavage/Fracture: Distinct/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: short prismatic twinned crystals, granular, radiating fibrous structure

Term

 

 

Chalcocite

 

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Definition

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Chemical prop: Cu2S

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 2.5-3/5.5-5.8

Color: dark lead-gray, tarnish dull black

Streak: dark gray to black

Cleavage/Fracture: poor, 1 dir/conchoidal, brittle, sectile

Form/Other prop: short prismatic or tabular, striated on one face, granualr compact, disseminated, very brittle

Term

 

 

Chalcopyrite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: CuFeS2

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/4.1-4.3

Color: Brass-yellow, golden-yellow, tarnish often iridescent or deep blue, purple, and black

Streak: greenish black

Cleavage/Fracture:Poor, 1 dir/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: may contain striations, compact, often massive, granular, disseminated

Term

 

 

Chromite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: FeCr2O4

Luster: metallic, sub-metallic

Hardness/Density: 5.5/4.3-5.0

Color: Iron-black, browninsh black

Streak: dark brown

Cleavage/Fracture: None/conchoidal, uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: usually disseminated, granualr, compact, weak magnetism

Term

 

 

Cinnabar

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: HgS

Luster: adamantine to dull

Hardness/Density: 2-2.5/8.0-8.2

Color: bright red, purplish red to brownish red

Streak: scarlet to brownish red

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect, 3 dir @ 60 & 120/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: tabular, granular, earthy, soft

Term

 

 

Copper

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Cu

Luster: mettalic

Hardness/Density: 2.5-3/8.9

Color: copper-red, tarnish black, blue, green

Streak: copper-red, shiny

Cleavage/Fracture: None/hackly, ductile & malleable

Form/Other prop: flattened, elongated, distorted, scales, plates, lumps, branching aggregates

Term

 

 

Corundum

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Al2O3

Luster: vitreous

Hardness/Density: 9/3.9-4.1

Color: white, gray, brown-black, deep red, blue

Streak: White

Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, conchoidal, fluorescent

Form/Other prop: brittle, tapering primatic, pyramidal, tabular, often striated

Term

 

 

Covellite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: CuS

Luster: submettalic

Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/4.6-4.8

Color: Dark indigo-blue, often brass yellow and deep red

Streak: lead gray to black

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir/uneven, thin laminae flexible

Form/Other prop: commonly massive, platy characteristics

 

Term

 

 

Cuprite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Cu2O

Luster: submetallic, adamantine or dull

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/6.1

Color: Ruby-red, reddish black,

Streak: brownish red

Cleavage/Fracture: Poor/uneven, translucent, brittle

Form/Other prop: compact, granular, earthy, capillary, usually octahedral

Term

 

 

Dolomite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: CaMg(CO3)2

Luster: vitrous, pearly

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/2.8-2.9

Color: white, colorless, pink, gray, green, brown, black

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 3 dir/conchoidal, uneven

Form/Other prop: curved faces, granualr, compact, massive, cleavage masses, powder fizzed in acid

Term

 

 

Fluorite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: CaF2

Luster: vitreous

Hardness/Density: 4/3.0-3.2

Color: Violet, blue, green, yellow, brown, bluish black, pink, rose-red, colorless, white

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 4 dir/uneven, fluorescent

Form/Other prop: usually cubic, cleavage masses, granualr, columnar, perfect octahedral cleavage

Term

 

 

Franklinite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: (Zn,Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4

Luster: metallic, dull

Hardness/Density: 5.5-6.5/5.1-5.2

Color: Iron-black

Streak: Black

Cleavage/Fracture: None, indistinct/subconchoidal, uneven

Form/Other prop: compact, granular, rounded disseminated grains, weak magnetism

Term

 

 

Galena

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: PbS

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 2.5/7.4-7.6

Color: Dark-light lead gray

Streak: dark lead gray

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir @90/subconchoidal (rare)

Form/Other prop: commonly in cubes, massive, cleavage fragments, fibrous

Term

 

 

Goethite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: HFeO2

Luster: submetallic, adamantine, dull

Hardness/Denisty: 5-5.5/3.3-4.3

Color: Yellow, yellowish brown, dark brown, black, multicolored varnish

Streak: yellow, yellowish brown

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/uneven, splintery

Form/Other prop: small, black, shining, prismatic, acicular, flattened plates, compact, granular, fibrous, foliated, earthy

Term

 

 

Graphite

 

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Definition

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Chemical Comp: C

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 1-2/1.9-2.3

Color: Steel-gray to iron-black

Streak: Grayish to black

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir

Form/Other prop: foliated, scaly, granular, earthy, foliated, sectile, flexable

Term

 

 

Gypsum

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: CaSO4.2H2O

Luster: vitreous, pearly on cleavage

Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/2.3-2.4 

Color: white, colorless, gray, yellow, red, brown

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/conchoidal, earthy

Form/Other prop: untwinned single crystals, granular, massive, fibrous, very soft, flat crystals, earthy

Term

 

 

Halite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: NaCl

Luster: vitreous

Hardness/Density: 2-2.5/2.16

Color: colorless, or tints of gray, yellow, red, blue

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect, 3 @ 90/conchoidal, brittle

Form/Other prop: salty taste, usually in cubes, granular, compact, faces are commonly cavernous

Term

 

Hematite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Fe2O3

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 5-6

Color: Steel gray, silver, black

Streak: Steel gray reddish brown

Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, splintery, brittle

Form/Other prop: thick to thin tabular, striated,, compact, granular, radiated, micaceous, botryoidal, columnar

 

Term

 

 

Hematite

 

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Definition

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Chempical comp: Fe2O3

Luster: earthy, dull

Hardness/Density: 5-6/4.9-5.3

Color: Red, reddish-brown, black

Streak: drak red, cherry red, brownish red

Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, splintery

Form/Other prop: thick to thin tabular, earthy, subparallel growths, compact, granular, reniform, columnar, botryoidal

Term

 

 

Ilmenite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: FeTiO3

Luster: metallic, submetallic

Hardness/Density: 5-6/4.5-4.7

Color: Iron-black, browninsh black

Streak: iron-black, brownish black

Cleavage/Fracture: None/conchoidal, brittle

Form/Other prop: commonly thick tabular, granular, compact, disseminated, weak magnestism

Term

 

 

Magnetite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Fe3O4

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 5.5-6.5/4.9-5.2

Color: Iron-black

Streak: Black

Cleavage/Fracture: None/subconchoidal, uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: stongly magnetic, massive, coarse or fine granualr, lamellar

Term

 

 

Malachite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Cu2CO3(OH)2

Luster: adamantine, silky, dull

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.9-4

Color: Emerald-green, grass-green, dark green

Streak: light green

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir./conchoidal, splintery, brittle

Form/Other prop: primatic, radial, fibrous, botryoidal, stalactic, earthy, incrusting

Term

 

 

Marcasite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: FeS2

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.8-4.9

Color: Pale brass-yellow to white, tarnish yellow to brown

Streak: dark greenish to brown
Cleavage/Fracture: Distinct in 2 dir/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: tabular, capillary (rare), stalactic w/radiating structure, twin crystals showing coxcomb and spear shapes common

Term

 

 

Molybdenite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: MoS2

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 1-1.5/4.6-5.1

Color: bluish lead-gray

Streak: grayish black

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir/sectile, thin flakes

Form/Other prop: feels greasy, scaley, foliated masses, flexible laminae

Term

 

 

Nickeline

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: NiAs

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 5-5.5/7.8

Color: light copper-red, tarnish gray to black, may have coating of green annabergite

Streak: brownish black

Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven

Form/Other prop: distoted and striated, massive, columnar structure

Term

Orpiment

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: As2S3

Luster: resinous, pearly

Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/3.4-3.5

Color: Lemon-yellow, orange

Streak: lemon-yellow

Cleavage/Fracture: Good 1 dir/thin flakes, flexible

Form/Other prop: slightly sectile, usually foliated, granualr, earthy incrustations

Term

Pyrite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: FeS2

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.9-5.2

Color: Pale yellow to brass yellow, often tarnished

Streak: greenish black

Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: often in cubes with parallel striations, nodules, massive forms, fine to coarse granular, mammillary, striking with steel with produce sparks

Term

Pyrolusite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: MnO2

Luster: metallic to dull

Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.4-5

Color: Black to steel-gray, sometimes bluish

Streak: black, bluish black

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/splintery, uneven

Form/Other prop: brittle, massive columnar or fibrous, radial, granular to powdery

Term

Pyrrhotite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Fe1-xS (x- ranges between 0-0.2)

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4.5/4.5-4.6

Color: yellowish to brownish bronze, tarnish dark brown

Streak: dark grayish black

Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven

Form/Other prop: some faces striated, stongly to weakly magnectic

Term

Realgar

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: AsS

Luster: resinous, adamantine, dull

Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/3.5-3.6

Color: deep red to orange, yellow upon exposure to light

Streak: orange-yellow

Cleavage/Fracture: good/conchoidal, slightly sectile

Form/Other prop: usually prismatic, granular, earthy, incrusting

Term

Rhodocrosite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: MnCO3

Luster: vitrous, pearly

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.4-3.6

Color: pink, rose-red, dark red, brown

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect/uneven

Form/Other prop: brittle, cleavage masses, granular, compact, botryoidal. distinct crystals uncommon, phombohedral cleavage

Term

Romanechite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: (BaH2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10

Luster: sub metallic

Hardness/Density: 5-6/6.45

Color: grayish black, black, steel gray

Streak: brown black

Cleavage/Fracture: none/

Form/Other prop: acicular, fibrous, botryoidal

Term

Rutile

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: TiO2

Luster: adamantine, submetallic

Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.2-4.3

Color: red, reddish brown, black

Streak: white, gray

Cleavage/Fracture: distinct, good in 2 dir/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: commonly long, striated prismatic crystals, acicular, compact, twinned crystals

Term

Siderite

 

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: FeCO3

Luster: vitreous, pearly, dull

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.8-3.9

Color: light to dark brown, reddish brown, white

Streak: white, pale yellow

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: commonly rhombohedral w/curved faces, prismatic, granular, compact, massive, fibrous. botryoidal, magnetic when heated

Term

Sphalerite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: ZnS

Luster: resinous, adamantine, submetallic

Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.9-4.1

Color: yellow, brown, red, green, black; rare: white, gray

Streak: light brown

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 6 dir/conchoidal, brittle

Form/Other prop: faces ofen rounded, cleavage masses, granular, compact, botryoidal

Term

Stibnite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Sb2S3

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 2/4.6

Color: lead-gray, tarnish black

Streak: dark lead-gray

Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir/uneven

Form/Other prop: crystals lightly flexible, striated lengthwise, bent or twisted, bladed, in radiated groups, columnar masses, granular

Term

Tetrahedrite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: Cu12Sb4S13

Luster: metallic

Hardness/Density: 3-4/4.6-5.1

Color: steel-gray to iron-black

Streak: dark gray, black, reddish brown

Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven to subconchoidal, brittle

Form/Other prop: tetrahedral form of crystals, compact, coarse to fine granular, sometimes groups of parallel crystals

Term

Witherite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: BaCO3

Luster: vitreous, greasy

Hardness/Density: 3-3.5/4.3-4.4

Color: white, gray, yellowish-gray

Streak: white

Cleavage/Fracture: distinct 1 dir/uneven, brittle

Form/Other prop: fluorescent, always twinned, compact, granular, radial fibrous, lamellar, forms pseudohexagonal dipyramids

Term

Zincite

 

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Definition

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Chemical comp: (Zn, Mn)O

Luster: adamantine

Hardness/Density: 4/5.4-5.7

Color: deep red to orange, yellow, or brown

Streak: orange-yellow

Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir, basal parting/conchoidal

Form/Other prop: brittle, crystals rare and usually pyramidal, usually massive, lamellar, granualr.

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