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| performed by other companies |
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| performed in house but in a different country |
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| performed by another company in another country |
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| performed by another company in another country |
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| in house department or specialization |
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| utilize powerful search engines to gain own info |
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| technology that makes forms of collaboration |
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| rightsizing, slash costs and replace people (doing more with less) |
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| use of locations closer to home, move work back to deal with challenges associate with offshore destinations |
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| hardware, software, and telecommunication networks that collect, create, and distribute data |
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| hardware, software, and telecommunication network in an information system |
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| people, hardware, software, telecommunication networks, data |
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| fourth wave, data available everywhere |
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| enablers of web globalization 3.0 |
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| fall of the berlin wall, release of netscape web browser, work flow software; allows for software to software connection |
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| develop, maintain, manage, study |
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| civilization based on agriculture and handiwork |
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| industrial revolution, from agrarian to urbanized machine age |
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| 1492-1800, countries trade, europe and american globalizing |
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| 1800-2000, companies traded, europe and america globalizing |
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| 2000-?, individuals and groups trade, worldwide globalization |
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| enablers together make 3.0 possible, sharing of knowledge and work without regard to distance or geography and soon even language, convergence enabled move from vert to horiz collaboration, facilitated value, creation and innovation |
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| representation of reality, context clues like labels turn data into info |
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| ability to understand information, form opinions, make decisions and predictions based on information |
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| difference in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism |
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| program or program set that tell the computer to perform certain tasks |
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| chief information officer |
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| highest ranked IS manager, responsible for strategic planning and IS use throughout firm |
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| materials safety data sheet |
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| to gain competitive advantage |
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| ensuring authenticity and fidelity of information and who is responsible for the informational errors that harm people |
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| who owns information, firm that maintains database |
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| activities organizations perform in order to reach their business goals including core activities that transform inputs and produce outputs, and supporting activities that enable core activities to take place |
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| routine day2day business processes and interactions with customers occur, designed to automate repetitive activities (sales transaction processing), to improve efficiency of business processes and customer interface; managers at operational level make highly structure and recurring decisions (days or hours) |
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| tactical level or organization, functional managers focus on monitoring and controlling operational level activities and providing information to higher levels of the organization, a few days to months (tactical planning; semistructured) |
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| key performance indicators, metrics deemed most critical to assessing progress toward a certain goal and are displayed on performance dashboards |
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| strategic level of the organization, managers focus on LT strategic questions facing org, improve strategy and planning by providing summaries of past data and projections of the future (nonrecurring and unstructured) |
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Term
| functional area information systems |
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Definition
| func, area represents a discrete area of an organization that focuses on a specific set of activities; systems designed to support the unique business processes of specific functional areas (acct, finance, hr, mkt) |
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learning; mid value
strategizing; highest benefit |
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| ability of organization to use past behaviors and information to improve its business processes |
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| a firms plan to accomplish its mission and goals as well as to gain or sustain CA over rivals and how it relates to IS |
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| form vision of where to organization needs to head, convert vision into measurable objectives and performance targets and craft strategy to achieve desired results |
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| set of activities that add value throughout the organization |
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| process of analyzing an organizations activities to determine where value is added to products and or services and what costs are incurred for doing so |
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| porters 5 primary competitive forces |
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Definition
| rivalry, threat of new entrants, bargaining power of customers, bargaining suppliers have in the industry, potential for substitutes |
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| activities exclusively in one country start to finish |
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| home replication strategy |
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| export strategy or international strategy, most basic form of going global, focus on customer needs and wants and merely export products to generate additional sales |
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| global business strategies |
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Definition
| attempt to achieve economies of scale by producing identical products in large quantities for a variety of different markets |
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| multidomestic business strategy |
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Definition
| for operation in different markets, degree of integration is low, individual submits can respond quickly to their respective market |
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| transnational business strategy |
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| decide which aspects of organization should be under central control and which should be decentralized |
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| organizational requirements for innovation |
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| process, resource, risk tolerance |
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| what a business provides to a customer and what a customer is willing to pay for a product or service |
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| deploying organizational resources to achieve objectives of the organization |
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| EC, exchange of goods and services and money among firms, between firms and their customers, and between customers, supported by communication technologies and the internet (B2B largest in revenue) |
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| info via web to be linked to corporate databases to provide real time access to personal information |
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| cutting out middleman, allows lower prices but companies must take on activities previously performed by old middlemen |
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| design of business models that reintroduce middleman to reduce chaos brought on by disintermediation |
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| electronic data interchange |
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Definition
| edi, computer to computer communication without human intervention |
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| private part of the internet that is cordoned off from ordinary users, enables 2+ more firms to use internet to do business together (b2b) |
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| proprietary internal comm. (b2e, ec) employeeeee |
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| b2b supply chain management can be defined as access points (front doors) through which a business partner accesses secured, proprietary info from organization (extranets) |
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| markets comprised of firms operating within a certain industry sector |
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| ability to obtain personalized information by querying corporate databases |
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| customer places orders and payment |
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| focus on niche markets rather than purely mainstream products |
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| analyzing online users behavior to improve website performance |
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| most common e auction, highest bid wins |
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| percentage of visitors who perform marketers desired action |
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| individual website owners to post companies ads on their pages, can earn money from referrals and ensuing sales |
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| shift in users role from passive consumer of content to its creator, social software |
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| use of web 2.0 techniques and social software within company boundaries or between company and customers or stockholders, can help in sharing organizational knowledge, making businesses more innovative and productive |
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| 1 to many fashion, amateurization of journalism |
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| allowing users to share internet bookmarks and to create categorization systems (folksonomie) |
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| where customers specify product they are looking for and how much they are willing to pay; information routed to appropriate companies who either accept or reject offer |
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| web 2.0, new app or website that integrates one or more web services |
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| set of design principles allowing computer to better index websites, topics and subjects |
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| technology providing for ubiquitous data access where all data is viewed as being in a cloud and can run on any device, computer and mobile phone |
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| use of Is to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources to make better business decisions |
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| row is a record, column is an attribute |
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| structured query language, most common language used to interface with database |
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| used to interact with customers and run business in real time (narrow and simple, updates and queries) |
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| online transaction protocol, immediate automated responses to request of user, handle multiple concurrent transaction from customers |
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| creating single version of truth |
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| data deemed most important in operation of a business |
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| online analytical processing, process of quickly conducting complete analyses of data stored in DB using graphical software tools |
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| great detail, why occured |
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| unplanned information requests to support 1 time decision |
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| summarize data, region, time |
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| multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional 2 dimensional table |
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| provides capability for discovering hidden predictive relationships in data |
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| selected info from data warehouse |
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| analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents |
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| extracting textual info from websites |
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| augments business intelligence by using predictive analysis to help identify trends or business outcomes |
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| decision support system, special purpose information system designed to support organizational decision making related to a particular recurring problem |
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| comprised of sensors, hardware, and computers embedded in machines and devices emulate and enhance human capabilities |
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| ES, reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain to provide advice like a human; "if, then" |
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| broaden capabilities of Es's and other intelligent systems, when knowledge is incomplete |
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| network processing elements (neurons) that work in parallel to complete task, approximate functioning of human brain and learn by example |
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| bot, software bot, program works in background to provide service when specific event happens |
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| analyze large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by user |
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| processes organization uses to gain greatest value from knowledge assets |
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| knowledge that can be documented, archived, codified with help of IS |
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| processes and procedures located in a persons mind on how to effectively perform a task |
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| processes and procedures to enable management of explicit and tacit knowledge asset |
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| textual, new stories and non analytical information |
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| geographic information system, creating, storing, analyzing, managing geographically referenced information |
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| processes associated with selling a product or service |
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| processes associated with procuring goods from external vendors |
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| performed by other functional areas that process inputs and produce outputs |
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| information flows from one company's value chain to another |
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| upstream information flow |
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| information received from other organizations |
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| downstream information flow |
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| relates to info produced by company and sent along to another organization |
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| integrated suite of business applications for every department, process, industry, allowing companies to integrate |
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| interorganizational system |
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Definition
| ios; system that communicates across organizational boundaries |
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| apps written by 3rd party vendors for needs of different users and organizations |
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| components selected and implemented as needed |
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| feature sand modules an enterprise system comes with out of the box |
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| systematic structured improvement approach by all or part of an organization whereby people examine, rethink, and redesign business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in more than one performance measure |
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| enterprise resource planning |
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Definition
| apps that integrate business activities across departmental boundaries |
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| financial, operational, hr |
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| service oriented architecture |
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| business processes broken down into individual components or services designed to achieve desired results for service consumer (reusability, interoperability, componentization) |
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