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| organized collection of people, information, business processes, and information technology, designed to transform inputs into outputs, in order to achieve a goal. |
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| information plus human experience and judgement |
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| a recognizable whole that consists of a collection of interrelated parts that interact with each other to transform inputs into outputs in order to achieve a goal |
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| the physical components, typically hardware, software, and connectivity, that make up an IS. Technology enables the processes to perform the steps they were designed to accomplish. |
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| a positive return on the investment of resources that is created through the effective and efficient integration of an organization’s people, information, information technology, and business processes. |
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| TPS (Transaction Processing Software) |
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| captures and processes transactions to make them available to the organization |
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| MIS (Management Information Systems) |
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| through process and reporting features, a MIS provides timely information to information to decision makers |
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| DSS (decision support system) |
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| provides analytical and visualization tools to support and enhance decision making and planning |
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| ERP (enterprise resource planning) |
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| integrates and standardizes processes, and centralizes and standardizes the storage and management of data |
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| CRM (Customer Relationship Management) |
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| integrates data collection, transformation, storage, and analysis of customer transaction data, including purchases, service requests, and other forms of customer contact. |
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| the electronic and mechanical components you can see and touch, such as a computer monitor. |
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| a set of instructions that directs the hardware |
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| increases the power of IT devices by allowing knowledge workers to share resources including hardware, software, and information |
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| directs execution of instructions and transformation of data |
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| temporarily stores data and instructions before processing |
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| stores data, information, and instructions for the long term |
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| connects one IT device to another |
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| electronic switch that can either be on (1) or off (0) |
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| tiny chip made of transistors, at the core of all computing operations |
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| Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
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| works together with memory to control the execution of all instructions and the processing of all the data. Speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz), used to be measured in megahertz (MHz) which is slower |
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| contains instructions and data that only special devices can alter. Holds the instructions for the start-up up processes (booting up). |
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| Random Access Memory (RAM) |
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| stores data until they are no longer needed, or until you shut down your computer. Largest number of memory chips in your computer. |
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| a device that controls the transfer of data between a computer and a peripheral device, such as a printer of disk drive. |
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| Network Interface Card (NIC) |
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| provides the physical connection between a computer and a local network. |
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| allows you to connect to a remote network over a telecommunications line. |
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| set of technology instructions frequently built into the hardware. |
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| coordinates and handles the details of working with the computer hardware. Manages the hardware and software resources of the computer. Also, provides a stable and consistent interface between application programs and the hardware. |
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| provides additional tools that you can use to maintain and service your system. |
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| pertains to a small geographic area |
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| connects computers that cover entire regions, even overseas |
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| a fast computer that requires large amounts or RAM and storage space. Stores and runs the network operating system software, it may also store shared software applications and data files. |
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| standard set of rules that allow the communication of data between nodes on a network. |
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| Internet Service Provider (ISP) |
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| provide connections for customers to connect to the internet through the ISP via dial up or cable. |
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| allows for an easy way to publish information on a network, can also include references (hyperlinks). |
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| you can use hypertext documents and use the hyperlinks to browse (or surf) other related documents. |
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| Uniform Resource Locater (URL) |
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| specifies a unique address for each page that indicates the location of a document. |
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| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
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| provides the rules used by browsers and servers as they communicate requests for data and responses to each other. |
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| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) |
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| provides a language for encoding the information so a variety of IT devices can display it. |
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| the finding of data, information, and knowledge relevant to a task |
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| a knowledge work activity that requires you to organize the results from a discovery activity. |
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| the knowledge work activity that will help you answer questions and gain understanding through an investigation and examination of the available data, information, and knowledge. |
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| given your analysis of our company’s relative success or failure, suggest ways to capitalize on our strengths and overcome our weaknesses. |
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| present your findings to your management |
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| one that can be programmed; it is routine or repetitive. |
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| a decision that is not fully structured but can still be attained with the use of information, reasoning, and partly objective thinking to some extent |
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| a decision characterized by uncertain data or information and for which there may be no known method for arriving at a solution. |
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| complete,accurate,reliable,relevant,objective,timely, source |
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| investigate, analyze, decide, do |
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| investigate, analyze, decide, do |
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| indicates that a business operates by transforming inputs into outputs and by constantly interacting with its environment. |
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| a person or entity that has an interest or influence on how a business will function in order to succeed. Can be internal or external |
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| the separation between the system of interest and its environment. Business systems must keep an open boundary to their environment to allow for receiving inputs and producing outputs. |
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| a series of steps that an organization needs to perform in order to transforms inputs into their main outputs (products and services). Ex. Manufacturing products or performing services. |
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| a special kind of output created by a business process that is then returned to the system in order to control the system’s future inputs, processes, and outputs. |
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| a business organized according to functional areas instead of product lines. Functionally organized businesses can be economically efficient, but can lack flexibility and it may be difficult to communicate between functional areas. |
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| decision making authority is pushed down the organization structure and shared with many lower-level employees. Decentralized organizations have fewer levels of management with wide spans of control giving employees more freedom of action. Can be more efficient that centralized structures because they require fewer managers. |
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| blends functional and decentralized structures. From top to bottom the matrix is organized as a functional structure. However, from left to right, the matrix follows a product-focused (or project- or customer focused) structure. A matrix organization frequently uses teams of employees to accomplish work. |
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| a connected series of activities, each of which adds value or supports the addition of value to the firm’s goods or services. |
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| a set of methods a business employs to manage the materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. IS are essential for efficient management of the supply chain. |
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| Enterprise Wide Systems (ERP) |
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| support and are used by the entire enterprise through a centralized database and coordinated software modules (applications or sets of applications). |
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| recognizing that executing processes (e.g., customers accessing their accounts to make withdrawals or deposits) also creates new data and information. |
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| program that tracks what users are doing without their knowledge |
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| small text files which are placed on users’ hard drives by an e-commerce website in order to store useful data between visits to the site. |
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| using IT to help a business acquire or continue a competitive advantage over their competitors by adjusting how the company does business. |
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